NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



269 



below a strong bud, removing the bark for five or six millimetres during 

 the growing season, a cicatrix then forming on the superior edge. In 

 the autumn or spring following he arranges a non -perforated pan just 

 below this point, which he fills with water : in this he places a well- 

 drained pot with a little soil, the pot being slotted halfway down to 

 admit the branch, which is then bent with the bud in the angle, the 

 extremity brought upright and in the centre. The pot is then filled up and 

 covered with chopped damp moss. The outer pan must be replenished with 

 water and the resulting growth tipped. Another plan is to have two pots, 

 both slotted, and filled with moss kept constantly damp. Recommended 

 for woody subjects such as Oranges, Myrtle, Mimosa, Camellia, Laurel, 

 Jasmin, Magnolia, Ginkgo, Kaki, Liriodenclron, &c. — C. T. D. 



Leaf Curl in Peaches. By G. S. Saunders {Garden, No. 1634, 

 p. 183 ; 14 3 03). — Considering how often questions are asked as to the 

 cause of the malady commonly known as 1 leaf curl,' which so frequently 

 attacks the foliage of Peaches and Nectarines, it is obvious that the real 

 nature of the disease is not generally recognised. The disease is un- 

 questionably caused by a fungus known as Exoascus deformans, and in 

 spite of what some gardeners assert (that it is cold winds that are responsible 

 for the complaint), it is certain that if this fungus did not exist there 

 would be no leaf curl. 



The welfare of this fungus, like that of all living organisms, is greatly 

 dependent on its environment. When the weather in the spring is cold 

 and wet, and particularly if a cold wind follows a spell of warm weather, 

 the leaves become saturated with moisture, and are soft and flabby, their 

 powers of transpiration are considerably lessened, and the general vitality 

 of the tree is lowered. Under these conditions, which are very favourable 

 to the growth of the fungus, the disease makes rapid strides, and the 

 tree is soon in a pitiable condition ; but if the weather be favourable to the 

 growth of the young leaves, and consequently unfavourable to the fungus, 

 the latter, though still present in the leaves, is unable to do them much 

 injury. -E. T. C. 



Lichens (Evernia), Chemistry and New Species of (Beih. Bot. 

 Cent. xiv. ht. 1, p. 95 ; plates ii.-v.). — Professor Dr. Zopf has extracted 

 many species of this genus with ether, and investigated the atranor-, 

 physod-, and furfuracin-acids as well as other substances so found. He 

 shows, that forms not sharply distinguished morphologically can be 

 separated by their chemical constituents. In other cases forms differing 

 morphologically are chemically alike, though they may in other cases 

 be quite different in chemical constitution. ; He shows that the quality 

 of lichenic acids is independent of external factors (sub.stratum or geo-, 

 graphical position). On the strength of these chemical differences 

 E . furfitraeea is divided into five speciqs, whose chemical -Constitution' is 

 fully given.— G. F. S.-E< . vi . > • .. - 



Lilies and. their Culture. By Ch. ; Chevalier (Be v. IIorL Beige,- 

 xxviii. ; No. 7, p. 153).— The author refers to numerous species of LiUam,' 

 with observations on their .cnlture.—Gi.H,. 



