NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



295 



Spray Calendar (U.S.A. St. Bd. Hort. Oregon Report, 1901-2, p. 70). 

 This article was prepared to answer the questions so often asked, when, 

 how, and what to spray, and what to spray for. Full directions are given 

 (as a result of extensive experiments) for such pasts and diseases as San 

 Jose scale, green aphis, Pear-leaf blister mite, bud moth, clover mite, crater 

 blight, Plum rot, codlin moth, &c. Amongst the spraying mixtures 

 described are sulphur, lime, and salt, resin wash, Bordeaux mixture, 

 arsenite of lime, &c. Valuable information and results are given which 

 cannot fail to repay careful perusal. For instance, resin wash is described 

 by Professor Koebele as a summer spray for all scale insects, woolly and 

 green aphis. The ingredients are : resin, 4 lb. ; sal soda, 3 lb. 



Directions. — Boil in three pints of soft water until dissolved, then add 

 50 gallons of hot water. Apply cold or lukewarm This spray is not 

 injurious to the tree, for after three or four days of sunshine it dissolves, 

 and leaves the pores of the bark open. A good article is also added by 

 Professor C. 0. Townsend on Spraying for Fungi. — V. J. M. 



Spray Formulas (U.S. A. St. Bd. Hort. Oregon Report, 1901-2, p. 92 ; 

 table). — Formulas are given of fourteen spraying mixtures : arsenite of soda, 

 Paris green, and arsenite of lime for chewing insects, e.g. caterpillars ; 

 sulphur, lime, and soda, sulphur, lime, and salt, and quassia chips for 

 sucking insects ; Bordeaux mixture and copper sulphate for fungicides. 

 Combined fungicide and insecticide sprays are given and are for Rose 

 mildew, red spider, and plant lice. A useful tabulated calendar is added. 



V. J. M. 



Spraying in Bloom. By Prof. S. A. Beach (Proc. Am. Bom. Soc. 

 1901, p. 70). — Paris green poisons bees, but Bordeaux mixture does not 

 apparently. The application of ordinary spray mixtures to open blossoms 

 may stop the further development of the blossom. With Apples and 

 Pears having abundance of flowers, spraying once in the blooming season 

 has thinned the fruit ; spraying repeatedly so as to hit the blossoms as 

 they opened from day to day has practically destroyed the crop of fruit. 



C. H. H 



Spraying Orchards, Some Essentials in. By Prof. H. L. Price 

 X U.S.A. Hort. Soc. Virginia Report, 1902, p. 209).— To make Bordeaux 

 mixture four pounds of copper sulphate is dissolved in one vessel and five 

 pounds of quicklime is slaked in another : these two substances are then 

 poured into a fifty-gallon barrel, already nearly filled with water. The 

 barrel is then quite filled and is ready for work. Stir thoroughly whilst 

 adding the copper sulphate and lime. — C. H. H. 



Spruce Trees, Stag-headed. By C. von Tubeuf (Nat. Zeit. Land- 

 For st, i. pp. 1-9, 1903 ; 4 figs.).— Numerous Spruce trees near Munich 

 were observed with the upper branches dying off, while the lower part of 

 the crown remained healthy. The cause was not the Pine bark beetle or 

 other insect; nor. could the dying off be traced to fungi. The symptoms 

 are described and figured in a coloured plate, and the damage is ascribed 

 to lightning. This conclusion is founded on results of the late Professor 

 Hobert Hartig, although the cases under consideration differ somewhat 

 from any described by Hartig. — W. G. S. 



