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this is still more alarming to novices. This is certainly a question of 

 pruning which is connected with the classification of Roses. When one 

 has washed to prove that Polyanthas and Multifloras came from the same 

 source (and correctly so) it was necessary to leave the proof of this to the 

 botanists, and say to gardeners : " No ; as far as culture is concerned, 

 Polyanthas and Multifloras do not behave at all in the same way, and 

 that is all we want to know about them." Either these two types had the 

 same mother or two different mothers ; and if two different ones, then 

 they were decidedly first cousins. But the fathers were not of the same 

 family ; one has produced wide-spreading giants, and the other restricted 

 dwarfs. The Polyanthas, pruned to 40 centimetres, yield bushes covered 

 with flowers ; the Multifloras, pruned in the same way, produce bundles of 

 green wood. As far as we are concerned, therefore, this physiological 

 propensity is enough to make us keep the two types separate. 



As to the Teas, it would be necessary to trace their origin a little farther 

 back before jumping to the conclusion that, equally in their case, it was 

 unknown pollen-bearing plants which had transformed the rather delicate 

 type of the Indian species into such giants as ' Gloire de Dijon ' and its 

 offspring. I firmly believe that the Musk-Rose — the seed-bearing parent 

 of the Noisettes — sent one of its parents to marry one of these delicate Teas, 

 with drooping flowers, and that from this strange union have sprung the 

 widespreading giants which will not thrive if closely pruned. 



To learn the art of pruning Roses, it is necessary, first of all, to divide 

 them into two large classes, so as to know : 1st, those which do not 

 flourish at all, or badly, or only by chance when they are pruned short ; 

 2nd, those which flourish equally in whatever way they may be pruned. 

 You will have taken a great step in the right direction when once you 

 have made sure of this classification, for you will obtain blossoms where a 

 novice will only produce long thorny shoots. But this is by no means all 

 one has to learn, for if the pruning of Roses has for its primary object 

 the obtaining of flowers, this is not the only object it should have in view. 

 Pruning has often other ends in view : for example, to train the Roses as 

 hedges, globes, and wreaths, to shape them like tables, to make them weep 

 like the willows of Babylon, to dwarf them, to use them as borderings, 

 <fec. ; in a word, to train them into any desired shape or form. 



These two, then, are like general rules which it is necessary to under- 

 stand before arming oneself with the pruning-shears ; the rest will come 

 by degrees. But do not think that this is all. If you live at Lyons, for 

 instance, do not go to Nice or Cannes to practise your art. When you are 

 in Rose-growing districts, ask advice of those accustomed to the work, 

 who prune differently from yourself and operate at different times of the 

 year. 



Dr. Barnier suggests the two following methods of pruning for the 

 South of France. 



First method. — If you wish to obtain a great number of flowers (as 

 in the case of growers of winter blossoms for sending abroad), it is 

 necessary to prune at the end of August or beginning of September ; or if 

 you wish for very late blossoms, defer pruning until the end of September 

 Of beginning of October. In either case, at first only give a partial 

 priming, removing the small twigs, and the too crowded or tangled 



