622 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Notes," descriptions and notes upon the hardy Apples of Maine, together 

 with some remarks upon the keeping qualities of certain varieties. The 

 varieties 'Wealthy,' 1 Alexander,' and ' Oldenburg ' are recommended for 

 market purposes and it is stated that 1 Wealthy ' commands a ready sale 

 in London and Liverpool in autumn, while the others named are much 

 appreciated in Boston and England. Of the fifty varieties of Russian 

 Apples tried, few are recommended, for they are of " poor quality, early 

 season," and in the "habit of dropping before maturity." — F. J. C. 



Apples, Old and new. By E. Bartrum, D.D. (Gard. Mag. No. 2603, 

 p. 626 ; 19/9/03). — A series of articles by Dr. Bartrum, who describes the 

 varieties in a popular way, and introduces interesting facts concerning the 

 origin cf those he includes in his selection. — W. G. 



Apples, Thinning". By S. A. Beach (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Geneva, 

 N.Y., Bull. 239, 1903). — Experiments were carried out in thinning Apples 

 during June and July over a period of four years. Thinning was practised 

 on all trees carrying anything resembling a crop. In heavy crops thinning 

 improved size, colour, and market value, but did not appear to have any 

 effect on the regularity or amount of production. The method of thinning 

 was to remove all fruit by hand, selecting only the finest specimens to 

 remain and mature. It appears that in all cases early thinning (some 

 three or four weeks after the fruit is set) gives the best results. According 

 to Mr. Wilson, in whose orchards the experiments were made, it pays 

 only to thin when there is a full crop and by this means reduce what 

 would at maturity be inferior produce only. — E. F. H. 



Apples, Two Decays Of Stored. By H. J. Eustace (U.S.A. Exp. 

 Stn. New York, Bull, 235, 7/1903 ; 4 plates).— A decay of stored Apples 

 caused by Eypochnus sp. ? following Apple scab is noted. The decay is 

 similar to that caused by Cephalothecivm roseum (see Journ. R.H.S. 

 xxviii. p. 233) except that the fungus is not at first conspicuous on the 

 affected spots ; it affects the Apple finally almost to the core, and does not 

 produce so bitter a taste. ' Rhode Island ' Greening ' and 1 Baldwin ' 

 were the varieties affected, but inoculation experiments proved that the 

 fungus would grow on other varieties of Apple and on Pear. The fungus 

 is a wound parasite and affects the fruit only through wounds, particularly 

 those caused by the Apple scab fungus. Persistent spraying for the pre- 

 vention of Apple scab is recommended. In the secend rot the Apple was 

 apparently quite sound, but it was found that the cere was decayed, being 

 dry, rotten, and tasteless. No fungi or bacteria could be found. 4 Baldwin ' 

 was the variety particularly affected. The precise cause of the decay, which 

 was prevented from spreading by cold storage, could not be ascertained, but 

 it was apparently due to some peculiarity in the season.— F. J. C. 



Aquilegia glandulosa. By W. Wj seman (Gard. p. 27; 11/7/03). 



— A most interesting account of Aquilegia glandulosa in a Scottish 

 aura ry, Nvhere this plant is a gnat speciality. It thrives best in rich soil 

 not liable to get dry in summer ; but plants that have flowered for seme 

 years dwindle away. Three-year-old plants blccm the mcst profusely. 



