626 JOUENAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



centimetres diameter, the soil being slightly richer and coarser. Soon the 

 first flower-buds appeared, and the plants were then placed at a distance of 

 30-35 centimetres from the pipes. From now onward they received 

 water ocntaining dissolved sheep's dung, which is the best of all manures 

 for this kind of culture. Under such treatment they developed very well 

 indeed, and by the end of March were in flower. The first to flower was 

 1 Die Schmetterling,' followed closely by a cristata. The crispa varieties 

 and 1 Mammoth ' were the latest, appearing early in May. In between 

 came picta marmorata, a white-centred form, double ones, and yellow- 

 centred. The flowers of forced Begonias are usually larger, and of a 

 fresher and livelier colour, than those flowering at the normal period. 



W. C. W. 



Belgian Horticulture : M. L. Linden et Cie.'s Nursery. Anon. 



(Gard. Chron. No. 854, p. 289 ; May 9, 1903). — An interesting account 

 is given of a visit to this celebrated nursery garden, and also particulars 

 of the methods of cultivating Orchids, which are so well grown in this 

 establishment. — G. S. S. 



Biological and Agricultural Institute in Amani, East Usam- 

 bara. By A. Engler (Not. Kbnig. Bot. Berlin, Bd. IV., pp. 63-66; 

 July 10, 1903). — An account of the founding of what should be a very 

 important biological station in East Africa. It stands on land between 

 650 and 1,100 metres above sea-level, amid a rich tropical and practically 

 untouched flora, and would appear from Engler's description to be a 

 promising paradise for young botanists. — H. M. W. 



Bitter-rot Of Apples. By H. von Schrenk and P. Spaulding 

 (U.S.A. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI. bid,, Bull. 44, 7/1903 ; 9 plates and figs.).— 

 This disease is one of the worst attacking Apples in the United States, 

 causing an estimated loss of $10,000,000 in 1900. The authors experi- 

 mentally proved that the fungus causing the disease (usually known as 

 Glozosporium fructigenum) has a permanent ascospore state which attacks 

 the bark of the branches, causing canker-spots (see Journ. R.H.S. xxvii. 

 pp. 227, 281, 287, 731). The cankers appear as depressions on Apple 

 branches up to 4 in. in diameter, forming sooty-black spots from one to 

 several inches long, having more or less rugged edges. The surrounding 

 bark is killed and cracked and fissured in various directions, while the 

 wood below is dead and brown. It is thought that the fungus may start 

 its attacks either in a wound or a dead branch. The canker-spot serves 

 as a centre frcm which the disease spreads to the fruits. The remedies 

 suggested are : (1) removal of diseased fruits and mummies ; (2) removal 

 of limb cankers ; (8) spraying with fungicides. 



Clinton (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Urbana, Bull. 67) placed the ascospore 

 stage in the genus Gnomoniopsis Stoneman, overlooking the fact that 

 this generic name was already in use for a genus established by Berlese. 

 The authors suggest the name Glomerella for the name of the genus, 

 and revert to Berkeley's first published specific name, so the fungus 

 should now bo called Glomerella rufomaculans von Schrenk and 

 Spaulding. Clinton's description (loc. cit. ante) is retained, with the 



