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JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



one single-horse evaporating pan, but a higher grade is produced by the 

 use of a hydrometer for testing the specific gravity ; the use of some 

 material, preferably grey moss, for filtering the juice; and, last but not 

 least, upright settling tanks for the finished syrup. 



For making more than a few hundred gallons, lime and a sulphur-box 

 become necessary, and the use of steam heat, which can be controlled, is 

 advisable. 



When properly made, the syrup keeps for a year or more if exposed as 

 little as possible to the air and not shaken. Pure Cane and Maple syrups, 

 or even " open-kettle syrups," are seldom found on the market, most of 

 that sold being in reality a mixture of glucose syrup with the lowest 

 in-ade of refuse cane molasses. 



o 



The author jueads for an effective pure food law in the U.S.A. for the 

 protection of the public, and the use of plain and distinct labels denoting 

 the true contents of each article. — C. H. C. 



Canthium transvaalense. By Spencer Moore (Journ. Bot. 492, 

 p. 398; 12 1903). — Description of anew species of this Rubiaceous genus, 

 collected by Dr. Rand at Johannesburg. — G. S. B. 



Caoutchouc Region of the Amazon River, Ule's Expedition 

 to the. By E. Ule (Not Konig. Bot. Berlin, Bd. IV., pp. 92-98; 

 August 30, 1903). — Fourth report on the progress of the expedition, 

 November 1901 to March 1902, dated from Madeira, dealing chiefly with 

 Hevea.—H. M. W. 



Cardamine, Monograph of the Genus (concluded). By O. E. 

 Schulz (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxxii. 1903, pp. 417-623 ; 7/7/1903).— Com- 

 prises the remainder of the systematic portion of this monograph, to which 

 reference was made in the last number of the Journal (see Vol. xxviii. 

 p. 239).— A. B. B. 



Caricaceae, Ovule of. By Ph. van Tieghem (Ann. Sc. Xat. [Bot.] 

 xvii. pp. 373-381 ; 1903). — A short discussion on the structure of the 

 ovule, and its effect on the classification of the orders in the author's 

 recent system of classification. (See Journ. R.H.S. April 1902, p. 889.) 



W. G. S. 



Carludovica jamaicensis, Lodd. By W. Fawcett and W. Harris 

 (Bull. Dep. Agr. Jam. vol. ix. pt. 10, p. 145, 1902 ; with 3 plates).— The 

 authors describe the plants and method of preparing the "straw " called 

 Ippa-appa, for hats, &c— G. H. 



Carnation Disease : Stigrnonose. By Albert F. Woods (U.S.A. 

 Dep. Agr., Dir. Veg. Phys. & Path., Bull. 19, 1900; 3 plates, 5 figs.).— 

 This disease appears to be widespread, under certain conditions un- 

 favourable to the plant. So far as can be determined by careful micro- 

 scopical study, neither fungi nor bacteria are present in the earlier stages 

 of the disease, but as the disease progresses various fungi and bacteria 

 may appear. Infection experiments with bacteria and fungi, especially 

 Bacterium diantlii, resulted negatively in every case. A disease having all 

 the characteristics of the so-called " bacteriosis," except the presence of 



