NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



651 



Eesin pulverised 20 lbs. 



Caustic soda, granulated 98 per cent. lbs. 



Fish oil 3 pts. 



Water for final bulk 150 gals. 



Crude caustic soda, 4 lbs., and fish oil, 2^ pts., may be substituted in 

 above to make a cheaper spray. Kerosene is effectual against the insect, 

 but somewhat uncertain in its effects upon the tree ; whale oil soap is also 

 very useful. Neither tobacco decoction nor sulphur, camphor balls nor 

 light traps, are of any utility, while fighting against adults is foredoomed 

 to failure. Spraying is best done in December and January (in Florida). 

 Fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas may be employed with advantage, 

 but is more costly than spraying. General notes on nursery fumigation 

 conclude this section of the bulletin. At the end Prof. Cockerell gives a 

 summary of the characteristics and distribution of Alcyrodida, together 

 with descriptions of two new species, Aleyrodes perileuca and A. melanops. 



F. J. C. 



Forest Destruction. By Clifford Pinchot and C. Hart Merriam 

 (From Smithsonian Report for 1901). — Unfortunately, the first act of 

 the settler in many forest regions is the wholesale destruction of the 

 timber which either confines or restricts his industry. Not only in the 

 United States has this been the case, but in Norway and Sweden, as well 

 as many other Continental places, indiscriminate felling and clearing of 

 the natural forests has gone on unchecked. The far-reaching evil con- 

 sequence of such wholesale clearings is forcibly brought before the 

 reader of this pamphlet, while a number of excellent illustrations clearly 

 show the ultimate doom of the tract of country so denuded of its forests. 



Much has, however, been done of late years towards the conservancy 

 of woods and plantations, and already in several parts of North America 

 the good results of State interference in the matter of judicious and 

 regular thinning of the forests is bearing excellent results. 



But, unfortunately, the wholesale destruction of the forest means 

 destruction of the fauna and flora as well — a fact that is dealt with 

 thoroughly by Mr. Merriam. — A. D. W. 



Forest Planting in the United States. By William L. Hall 

 (Yearbook U.S. Dep. Agr. 1902, p. 133). — The conditions under which 

 this may be made profitable are discussed. In America no farm can be 

 considered complete without a portion of wood attached. These portions 

 will not reproduce themselves unless stock is fenced out. 



Taking White Pine as the most profitable tree to plant, which matures 

 at forty years, and deducting the cost of making and fencing, to accumu- 

 late at 3^ per cent, compound interest, a profit is shown at the end of 

 forty years of ninety dollars (or about 18Z.) an acre, on land which would 

 otherwise be practically worthless. — C. W. D. 



Forestry, A Primer Of. By G. Pinchot (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Farm. 

 Bull. 173, 1903 ; 33 figs.). — An interesting and instructive popular account 

 of the life of a tree, trees in the forest, the life of a forest, and the enemies 

 of a forest, published with the object of creating a better understanding of 



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