NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



653 



Fruits, List of, for the Various Districts of Illinois {Trans. 

 III. Hort. Soc. 1902, p. 20). — A useful list of the best varieties of Apples, 

 Pears, Peaches, Cherries, Plums, Blackberries, Raspberries, Grapes, Goose- 

 berries, Currants, and Strawberries ; prepared and recommended by the 

 horticultural society of each district of Illinois— i2. F. H. 



Fruits, Promising' New. By William A. Taylor (Yearbook U.S. 

 Dep. Agr. 1902, p. 469). — We have here coloured portraits and descriptions 

 of six new fruits : two Apples, viz. ' Stay man Winesap,' a late Apple, 

 and ' Randolph ' Apple, an early kind ; a late Pear, 1 Philopena ' ; a Peach 

 called ' Belle,' especially good for light and dry soils ; and the ' Brittlewood ' 

 Plum, producing good crops where temperature often falls below —20° 

 Fahr. ; also a Jordan almond introduced from Spain. — C. W. D. 



Fruit-trees in Grass (Joufn. Hort. September 24, 1903, p. 290). — 

 Experiments show that Apples and Pears planted in grass do not grow so 

 quickly or so robust as when the soil is bare. — C. W. D. 



Fruit Varieties, Little Known. By W. A. Taylor (Yearbook U.S. 

 Dep. Agr. 1901, p. 381 ; plates). — An interesting paper showing the 

 qualities of various fruit varieties which could under suitable conditions 

 be more widely cultivated in the United States. There are the Ingram 

 Apple, the M'Intosh Apple, the Carman Peach, the Red June Plum, 

 Wickson Plum &c. Most of the varieties mentioned have been introduced 

 from Europe and other parts of the Old World, and full particulars, together 

 with coloured illustrations, are given, so that their growth may be under- 

 taken. The Mulgoba Mango and the advance Loquat are described. 



V. J. M. 



Fumigation. By W. J. Allen (Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. pp. 597-606 ; July 

 1903). — " Owing to the great diversity of opinion which has existed as to 

 the efficiency of the several solutions recommended and used for spraying 

 trees, and the necessity, even after a satisfactory spray had been found, of 

 repeating the operation so often in a short period of time, a large number 

 of our Citrus -growers have abandoned this method of fighting scales of 

 different sorts and have substituted fumigation, with, I am pleased to 

 say, in nine cases out of ten, highly satisfactory results. There have been 

 some, as there always are in every experiment of the kind, who have not 

 been successful, and therefore condemn unhesitatingly, while the chances 

 are the fault has been with themselves, either in fumigating at the wrong 

 time or in not exercising due precautions in the carrying out of the work. 



" Among some of the causes of failure which have come under my notice, 

 and which, wherever it has been possible, I have made a point of finding 

 out, are : first, underestimating the size of the tree ; second, fumigating 

 at the wrong time ; third, neglect to see that the tents were free from 

 holes ; fourth, carelessness in weighing the cyanide ; and fifth, an insuffi- 

 cient quantity of sulphuric acid to dissolve the cyanide. 



" This treatment, like any other, requires to be carried out carefully and 

 systematically, and there must be no trusting to guesswork, or it cannot 

 be expected that the operator will be as successful as his more careful 

 neighbour who, by the exercise of a little patience and discretion, without 



