654 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



any apparent trouble, rids his trees and fruit not only of scales but of the 

 black and disfiguring smut." 



With reference to those cases where fumigation has not proved entirely 

 satisfactory, owing to — First, underestimating the size of the tree : in 

 measuring the tree it is necessary to get the extreme height and width. 

 Second, time for fumigating : while fumigating can be carried out at 

 almost any time of the year, the best results are obtained by fumigating in 

 the latter part of January or February, and the work is best carried out at 

 night. Third, holes in the tent : always see that the tents are patched 

 and free from holes before starting to fumigate, otherwise the holes 

 provide an escape for the fumes and the work is not done properly. 

 Fourth, care in weighing the cyanide and sulphuric acid : the greatest 

 care should be exercised in having the chemicals accurately measured out. 



Descriptions of tents are given and a series of fumigating tables, show- 

 ing the quantity of chemicals and water required for various-sized trees. 



H. G. C. 



Fungicides, Some newer. By B. D. Halstead and J. A. Kelsey 

 (U.S.A. Exp. StnJNew Jersey, Bull, 167, 6/1903; 3 figs.).— Bordeaux 

 mixture, in which scarcely more than enough lime is used to neutralise the 

 acidity of the copper sulphate, is recommended for the treatment of 

 ornamental plants. The mixture should be tested with red litmus ; if the 

 litmus turns blue it is fit for use ; if not, lime should be added until the 

 mixture becomes alkaline, and the red colour of the litmus becomes blue. 



Soda-Bordeaux. 



This has had an extensive trial, lasting over several years, on JEsculus, 

 Hollyhocks affected with Cercospora althceina Sacc, Heliantlms animus L. 

 affected with Puccinia tanaceti DC. &c, and the results fully justify its 

 use with rust fungi and grape-rot. 



The solution used at the station was 



Soda (Lewis' Lye) . . . . 1 " pound " can. 

 Copper Sulphate . . . .3 lbs. 



Lime 5 oz. 



Water 30 gallons 



The amount of copper sulphate to be used will vary with the brand of 

 soda used, the strength of which must be ascertained. Dissolve about 

 2 lbs. of soda in one gallon of water, make up " to 15 gallons and pour 

 slowly into 10 gallons of copper sulphate solution. Stir thoroughly, and 

 when about two thirds of the soda has been added, test frequently with 

 red litmus. As soon as there is a change in colour, from red to blue, 

 cease adding the soda solution. Add slaked lime in the form of a thin 

 whitewash at the rate of 5 ounces to 3 gallons. Dilute this solution 

 to 10 gallons of water to one pound of copper sulphate, and it is ready 

 for use." 



In Ohio (Oliio Kip. Stn., Bull. 130, Jan. 1902), Professors Selby and 

 Hicks have found the Soda-Bordeaux very effective against their grape-rot. 

 Their formula is : 



