NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 655 



Copper sulphate 4 lbs. 



1 Caustic soda (commercial) . . . 1 lb. 4 ozs. 



Water 50 gallons. 



Formalin. 



Use formalin at the rate of one pound of the liquid to forty-five 

 gallons of water. Apply the water solution to the seed grain in any 

 manner which allows all grains to become moist. For the treatment of 

 seeds for smut and for Potato scab. 



The solution for Wheat, Oats, Barley, and Millet is made by dissolving 

 1 lb. formalin (or 40 per cent, formaldehyde, the form in which it is 

 usually sold) in 45 gallons of water. Wheat takes about § gallon of the 

 solution to the bushel, the others from 1 to H gallon to the bushel. 



For Potato scab, the tubers are soaked for two hours in a solution of 

 1 lb. of formalin in 30 gallons of water. 



" For Onion smut, use 1 lb. of formalin in 25 to 33 gallons of water 

 and apply with drip attachment on seed drill at rate of 500 to 700 gallons 

 of solution per acre for Onion set seeding (about } to j as much for field 

 Onions), or apply with sprinkler upon the scattered seeds until well 

 moistened, then cover with earth promptly." 



Kerosene Emulsion. 



This solution has been in use for three years with very good results. 

 It has been tested against the powdery mildew on Phlox, Verbena, and 

 Plantago Bugelii Decne. (probably Erysiphe cichoracearum DC), and on 

 Roses (probably Splice rotheca humuli DC). 



The mixture was made according to the following formula : 



Kerosene 2 pints. 



Ivory soap 1 oz. 



Water 8 gallons. 



The ivory soap is dissolved in one gallon of boiling water ; after re- 

 moving from the fire the kerosene is added, and the sufficient amount of 

 water, properly mixed to a creamy emulsion. For the application of 

 small quantities an atomiser was used, and for larger quantities a knap- 

 sack pump was employed. 



It was found that the mixture could be satisfactorily prepared by 

 drawing the solutions for about ten minutes through a knapsack pump. 



F. J. C. 



Fungous Diseases and Spraying-. By H. H. Lamson (U.S.A. 

 Exp. Stn. New Hampshire Bull. 101, April 1903). — General instructions 

 on fungicides and spraying — in Apple-scab, sooty spot, brown spot r 

 leaf-spot, on Blackberry-rust, and for diseases of Cherry and Plum ; 

 downy mildew of Cucumber and Grape, brown and black rot of Grapes,. 

 Peach leaf-curl, Peach yellow, Pear-scab sooty spot, Fire-blight, Potato- 

 blight, Potato-scab, and Oak-smut. 



In the majority of cases Bordeaux mixture is recommended. — M. C. C 



1 Amount varies according to strength. 



