NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



657 



Gncmon the free-cell formation in the embryo-sac eventuates in the 

 formation of a compact cell-mass in the lower part, and a parietal layer 

 above, whose cells separate as individual oospheres, and by fusion with 

 the generative nuclei of the pollen-tubes into embryos. In G. Ula the 

 upper cells of the embryo-sac separate to develop individually as 

 embryos, though no pollen-tubes can be found, The nuclei of these 

 show direct as well as mitotic divisions. Only one of the embryos is 

 functional and attains full development. — M. H. 



Grafting-, Effect of, on Duration of Plants {Rev. Hort. June 1, 

 1903, p. 247). — M. Lucien Daniel grafted Solarium pubigerum, perennial, 

 on the Giant Tobacco, annual in France, with the result that the com- 

 bination continued active growth beyond the annual period. Similar 

 results have been obtained with various Composite?, the flowering period 

 being greatly lengthened. — C. T. D. 



Grape * President Gaston Chandon.'— By G. T. Grignan (Bev. 

 Hort. September 16, 1903, pp. 428 ; coloured plate). — An improved 

 seedling of 1 Gros Coulard,' of which it has all the good qualities minus 

 the defect of imperfect flowering. — C. T. D. 



Grapes and Melons in the Channel Islands (Gard. p. 317; 

 7/11/03). — It is safe to say that the Grape introduced the Channel 

 Islands as a fruit-growing district to the English markets, and it illustrates 

 in a striking manner how pregnant with results are those matters which 

 sometimes appear of small importance at the moment. This article gives 

 full particulars of this Channel Island industry, the methods of culture 

 practised, the varieties grown, &c. — E. T. C. 



Grapes, their Cultivation in the U.S. ; also the Production of 

 Raisins and Wine. By George C. Husmann (Yearbook U.S. Dep. 

 Agr. 1902, p. 407). — A full account is given of all connected with the 

 cultivation of the Vine in the U.S. and the produce of Grapes, Raisins, 

 and wine. The commercial aspects and future prospects are discussed. 



a w. d. 



Grasshoppers. By C. P. Gillette (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Colorado, Bull. 

 19, 4/1903; 2 figs.). — These do very great damage to tender parts of 

 plants in spring, and occasionally to the leafage of trees. The remedies 

 suggested are (1) deep ploughing for the destruction of the eggs ; (2) 

 burning along hedges, &c, where the young insects are abundant ; (3) 

 poisoning by spraying crops with Paris green or other arsenite, or by 

 sowing arsenic-bran mash among crop ; (4) banding trees to prevent their 

 ascent ; (5) catching in a shallow tank of petroleum carried over the field 

 so that insects may leap into it ; (6) by propagation of grasshopper 

 diseases. [The African grasshopper disease was spread extensively about 

 Colorado in 1902, but seems to have had little fatal effect.]—^. J. C. 



Green Fly Remedies. By R. Thiele (Zeit. f. Pflanz. xiii. pp. 

 147-157 ; 1903). — In tabulated form, the author gives results obtained by 

 him with eighty preparations said to be remedies for green fly. Thirty of 



