NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



721 



When cultivated in the laboratory, the mycelium of both species never 

 produces conidia, but forms at length sclerotia, which increase in size until 

 they become 8-10 mill, in diameter. These sclerotia, which are at first 

 white, then reddish, variegated with green, and finally black, must be 

 regarded as young Truffles, which, through being confined within the 

 culture -tubes, are prevented from attaining their normal condition. Some 

 observers (Grimblot, Ferry de la Bellone) believed the colour of the Truffle 

 mycelium to be brown, others regarded it as white ; Matruchot proves 

 that the former opinion is the correct one. The colour in the native soil 

 of the mycelium is brownish-red. Truffles are found under Oak-trees, 

 but before appearing, an incubation period for the spores of 8, 10, 15, or 

 even 20 years always obtains. Some trees always remain sterile. 

 Further, the distribution of the Truffles is always irregular and capricious. 



W. C. W. 



Tulips. By G. B. Mallett (Gard. p. 406; 13/6/03).— A valuable 

 series of articles describing all the best species and varieties of Tulips, 

 their characteristics and culture. The cultivation of Tulips presents no 

 difficulty that cannot be overcome in any part of the British Isles, and 

 there is no reason why every Tulip -bulb required by British gardeners 

 should not be grown at home. The ideal soil is a light and sandy one, 

 but in most cases the Tulip will accommodate itself to any soil or 

 situation, provided it is lifted to ripen. — E. T. C. 



Tulipa prsestans. By W. B. Hemsley (Bot. Mag. tab. 7920).— 

 Nat. ord. Liliacece, tribe Tulipece. Native of Bokhara. Perianth-leaves 

 scarlet-vermilion, with a yellow base. Stamens have scarlet filaments 

 with crimson anthers. — G. H. 



Turnip-gall Weevil, The {Gard, Mag. No. 2591, p. 421; 27/6/03). 

 — A description of this pest (Ccutorrhynclius sulcicollis), which in some 

 seasons is so destructive in Turnip crops. The life habits of the insect are 

 given, with instructions on the best way to extirpate it. — W. G. 



Turpentine Orcharding-, A New Method of. By Dr. Charles 

 H. Herty (U.S.A. Dep. Agr. Bur. Forestry, Bull. 40). — Within recent years 

 the greatly increased demand for spirits of turpentine and resin has led 

 to an enormous growth in the industry, the chief centres being Northern 

 and Southern Carolina. To those who are at all interested in the 

 resources of our woods and forests, the ever-increasing industry of 

 turpentine orcharding, as related by Dr. Herty, will be of special interest ; 

 while the great saving now effected by systematic tapping of the trees 

 will show what vast strides have been made in that direction of late 

 years. The various operations from what is termed " box-cutting " — the 

 original cut from which the resin exudes and is collected — to distillation 

 are lucidly explained ; while the score of illustrations give one an 

 excellent insight as to carrying out the various methods now generally 

 adopted in this quickly expanding industry. — A. D. W. 



Uredineae, Japanese. By P. Dietel (Engl, Bot. Jahrb. xxxii. 1903. 

 pp. 624-632; 7/7/1903).— A further contribution by this author to the 



