724 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



several cases. A table of 100 weeds is given at the end, with a consider- 

 able amount of useful information about each. — F. J. C. 



Weeds, Noxious, and How to Kill them. By L. R. Waldron 

 (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. North Dakota, Bull. 56, June 1903; plates).— The 

 bulletin begins with two maxims in different type : 



" The price of clean land is eternal vigilance. 



" Methods of weed eradication in North Dakota lie along the lines of 

 improved crop rotation, intensive farming, and pure seed-grain." 



The weed question in North Dakota is apparently a serious one, and 

 the bulletin aims at arousing all farmers in the region to a sense of its 

 importance and at providing them with the latest information on the 

 subject. 



The first point is to recognise the most pernicious weeds at once and 

 to possess a knowledge of their habits. To this end careful descriptions 

 are given of all the worst offenders, with accurate drawings of some, and 

 hints are given for the eradication of the different sorts ; the treatment 

 which will kill one being that best adapted to the spread or reproduction 

 of another. 



Foul seed-corn is much to blame in spreading weeds. Hundreds of 

 samples of grain meant for sowing have been examined by the Depart- 

 ment of late years, and in the vast majority of cases have been found to 

 be full of weed seed. In order that the farmer may recognise this for 

 himself, and may not ignorantly scatter pests in his own fields, the 

 Botanical Department has prepared collections of small stoppered bottles, 

 each containing seed of one of the twenty-five worst weeds of North 

 Dakota, and carefully labelled, and these are supplied to farmers in the 

 region at a small cost for comparison with their own samples of grain. 



]\LL. H. 



Weigfelas (Gard. Mag. No. 2602, p. 613; 12/9/03).— A descriptive 

 account of the numerous species and varieties of Weigela in cultivation. 

 The best for general cultivation are noted. — W. G. 



Wheats, Hardiness Of. By J. Eriksson (Nat. Zeit. Land-Forst. i. 

 pp. 146-156 ; 1903). — Details of 146 varieties and hybrids of winter- 

 wheats are tabulated so as to show the degree of hardiness during twelve 

 winters (1889-90 to 1900-1) in Sweden. Some English wheats are 

 included, but the majority are absent. Australian hybrid wheats have 

 received attention and proved very hardy, especially crosses with 

 ' Improved Fife.' — W. G. S. 



Wheat-smut ( TUletia /ceteris), Treatment. By Joseph Reed ( U.S.A. 

 Exj). Stn. Colorado, Hull. 79, March 1903). — The experiments were 

 made on seed so badly diseased that no one would think of using it for 

 ><••'<!. The sprinkling method proves to be as effective as the soaking 

 method. Sprinkling with copper sulphate is recommended as the best 

 remedy. Solution, one pound of copper sulphate to four gallons of water, 

 it is the cheapest, tin handiest to use, and gives as good results as any 

 treatment tried. To treat the grain by the sprinkling method, place the 

 frail] in a bin large enough, so that the grain can be shovelled from one 



