138 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Stem diseases seem to be confined to a kind of wilt disease, which is 

 probably caused by a species of Fusarium, equally with a similar disease 

 in the United States. — M. C. C. 



Cotton, Insect PestS Of. By Henry A. Ballou, B.Sc. (Jour. Imp. 

 Dep. Agr. W.I. vol. vi. No. 2 ; 1905). 



The following are enumerated : — The cotton worm (Aletia argillacea), 

 cotton stainers (Dysdercus andreae ; D. annuliger), the red maggot 

 (Diplosis sp.), cotton- leaf blister mite (Eriophycs Gossypii). 



Other insect pests : — Cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), cotton 

 aphis (Aphis Gossypii), scale insects (Lecanium nigrum; Ghionaspis 

 minor ; Dactylopius sacchari). 



Subsequently, in an appendix, the insect whose larvae is named above 

 as " red maggot " is described and named Porricondyla (Epidosis) 

 Gossypii) Coq. — M. C. C. 



Cotton Stainers. By H. A. Ballou, B.Sc. (Jour. Imp. Dep. Agr. 

 W.I. vol. vii. No. 1 ; 1906). — This is a concise and descriptive enumera- 

 tion of the species of cotton stainers, belonging to the genus Dysdercus, 

 which are known to occur in the Lower Antilles and Trinidad, and in 

 tropical and subtropical America ; with notes on their habits and life- 

 histories. Their chief interest consists in their reputation as pests of the 

 cotton plant. — M. C. C. 



Cottony Maple Scale. By C. Bues (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Wisconsin, 

 Ann. Rep. 1905, pp. 315-321). — This insect attacks maples and does 

 considerable damage. It is recommended to — (1) cut out all dead wood ; 

 (2) head back the tree in winter ; (3) spray the tree with 40 per cent, 

 kerosene emulsion or with caustic wash ; (4) paint large wounds with a 

 thick paste of tar ; (5) scrape off rough bark of trees. — F. J. C. 



Cover Crops for Young* Orchards. By R. A. Emerson (U.S.A. 

 Exp. Stn. Nebraska, Bull. 92 ; 12 figs. ; June 1906). — Cover crops in 

 orchards are much used in parts of the States. Generally the crop is 

 sown in late summer, allowed to remain on the ground all the winter, 

 and worked into the soil in spring. The object of the cover crop is 

 mainly to dry the ground so that the trees finish up their summer growth 

 early and ripen their wood, rendering them immune from frost attacks ; 

 the frosts should kill the crop so that the light autumn rains are con- 

 served ; at the same time it should be thick enough to prevent freezing 

 of the ground as much as possible in winter. The digging in of the crop 

 will improve the physical condition of the soil, and if a leguminous crop 

 is used the soil is enriched in nitrogen. Cow-peas and soy beans give the 

 best result if sown in the latter part of June ; maize and German millet 

 are also satisfactory cover crops. — F. J. C. 



Cranberry Investigations. By A. R. Whitson, O. G. Malde, and 



C. B. Hardenberg (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Wisconsin; 23?d Annual Rep., 

 pp. 135-159 ; October 1906). — A long account of experiments carried out 

 to ascertain the influence of various conditions on the cultivation of the 

 cranberry and the eradication of insects. Flooding is frequently resorted 



