142 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



most affected by this beetle, which is a native of Europe, where, however, 

 it never assumes the character of a pest, but U. montana, U. alata, 

 U. fulva, U. suberosa, and U. racemosa are all attacked. The mature 

 beetles eat holes in the leaves, but the main damage is done by the larvae, 

 which eat away the under surface of the leaves. The worst affected trees 

 usually drop their foliage in the middle of July, a second crop being 

 produced, which is sometimes devoured by a second brood of beetles, there 

 being at least two broods during the year. The trees are naturally greatly 

 weakened by this defoliation. The larvae are black and about \ inch 

 long when mature, the pupa is bright orange yellow and is found at the 

 base of the tree, and the beetle is light yellow at first, finally darkening 

 to a dull olive green with a distinct black stripe down each wing case. 

 The most important natural enemy is a fungus (Sporotrichum globuli- 

 ferum, Speg.), and the praying mantis and some bugs feed upon it. Spray- 

 ing with arsenate of lead 3-5 lb., water 50 gals., as soon as the leaves 

 expand, or thoroughly over the under surface of the leaves about June 1, 

 is followed by good results. If arsenate of lead cannot be obtained, Paris 

 green may be used. — F. J. C. 



Entomology, Economic. By H. A. Gossard (U.S.A. Exp. Stn, Ohio, 

 Bull. 164; 12 figs.; July 1905).— Under the title of "Winter Manual 

 of Practice in Economic Zoology" the author outlines the treatment 

 which may be adopted in winter in dealing with a large number of 

 garden pests, giving a table showing the " crop affected," " name of insect," 

 " stage in which the winter is passed," " recognition marks," " treatment," 

 and "when to treat." The methods advocated in specific cases include 

 encouragement of birds, clean culture, spraying, grease banding, pruning, 

 destruction of hiding places, and the collection and burning of the pests 

 themselves. — F. J. C. 



Entomology, Economic, in Connecticut. By W. E. Britton, 



Ph.D. (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Conn., 6th Ann. Bep. 1906, Part IV.; 

 pp. 219-306 ; 16 plates, 13 figs.). — A large part of this report is occupied 

 by an account of the work done towards the suppression of the gipsy 

 moth in the State, against which a determined onslaught is being made. 

 The spiny elm caterpillar (Euvanessa antiopa Linn.) did considerable 

 damage to elm, poplar, and willow in the early part of the year, and a 

 spray of Paris green is recommended in the spring. An account of the 

 insect enemies of the tobacco occupies pages 263-279, following which 

 are details of spraying experiments against San Jose scale. The lime- 

 sulphur mixtures (q.v.) are recommended, and failing these the com- 

 mercial miscible oils. Other insects of less importance are mentioned. 



F. J. C. 



Erica, A Wild Serviceable. By G. Ugolini (Bull. B. Soc. Tosc. 

 Ort. 5, p. 147 ; 1907). — During a winter sojourn on the Brenta Canal 

 in the Alps, near the Italian frontier, the author observed a charming 

 Erica which he believed to be E. multiflora nana compacta, which 

 grows in great masses on the slopes and steep declivities of that region, 

 in soil formed by the detritus of rocks fallen from the top of high 



