162 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



morphology and life-history of Erijsiplie Laurica Lev., a member of 

 the Erysiphaceae, which he last year recorded as being endoparasitic. 

 On account of its endophytic habit he separates the plant as a 

 distinct genus, Oidiopsis Scalia emend., belonging to a new sub- 

 family, Oidiopsideac. In the new genus the mycelium is at first wholly 

 endophytic, producing conidiophores, which are sent up through the 

 stomata ; the perithecia are produced externally on the hyphae of a 

 superficial mycelium. 



The synonomy of 0. Laurica, Salm. and its distribution and host 

 plants are added. — A. D. C. 



Orchard Cultivation, Experiments in. By R. A. Emerson 

 (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Nebraska, Bull. 79 ; 8 figs. ; March 1903). — Experiments 

 on orchard cultivation are reported at length in this bulletin, and it is 

 concluded that the best method of culture is to cultivate thoroughly in 

 early summer and follow with a cover crop in the fall. Straw mulch is 

 good early in the year, but it results in frost killing the tender, unripened 

 shoots later on, as well as in inducing shallow rooting, which the author 

 considers may result in disaster later on. Good culture in early summer 

 prevents shallow rooting and protects against drought, while the use of 

 a tender cover crop later brings about that drying of the soil which 

 results in good ripening of the newly formed wood. — F. J. C. 



Orchard Culture, Grass Mulch Method (U.S.A. Dep. Ayr., Farm. 

 Bull. 267 ; 1906). — In the Eastern United States the usual method of 

 cultivation followed in orchards is to clean cultivate from early spring to the 

 middle of summer, and then to sow a cover crop. It is contended that 

 this method tends to evaporate the moisture from the soil, checking the 

 growth of the trees, and hastening the ripening of the wood, so that the 

 trees enter the winter in a well-matured, frost-resistant condition. The 

 Ohio Experiment Station has conducted comparative trials with this 

 method and the method of laying the orchard down to grass and cutting 

 the grass over and leaving it on the ground as a mulch. It was found 

 that the trees made a better growth and gave double the yield by the 

 latter method of treatment than by any other. — F. J. C. 



Orchard Management in New England, Experiments in 



(U.S.A. Exp. Stn. New Hampshire, Bull. 110; 6 figs. ; March 1904).— 

 Gives a general account in a small space (twenty pages) of the more 

 important problems in fruit growing. — F. J. C. 



Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Herbaceous Plants. By 



S. B. Green (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Minnesota ; lUh Ann. Rep. pp. 232-351 ; 

 108 figs.). — An alphabetical list of tress, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, 

 suitable for plantiug in Minnesota, is given, together with rules and plans 

 for planting, and lists of trees and shrubs, &c, grouped according to their 

 uses. — F. J. C. 



Orobus, Species of. By Juies Rudolph (Iiev. Hort. January 16, 

 1906, pp. 19, "'0 ; 6 woodcuts).— Several species are described and recom- 

 mended as pretty spring flowering hardy plants for borders. The species 



