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JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



recurrence of short apple crops has awakened greater zeal in its 

 application. Spraying often fails, and the author points out as 

 among the causes of failure : — (1) No agitator to the pump ; (2) poor 

 nozzles, throwing a shower instead of a mist ; (3) insufficient and variable 

 pressure ; (4) lack of thoroughness ; (5) failure to do the work at the 

 right time on account of unfavourable weather ; (6) use of wrong 

 materials for the pest being fought ; (7) use of impure materials ; 

 (8) improper mixing of ingredients ; (9) neglect of later spraying ; 

 (10) too large orchards for the spraying facilities ; (11) interference of 

 winds or rains with timely and thorough work ; (12) expecting spraying 

 to compensate for neglect of the usual good care of which spraying is 

 only one feature. A full list of fungicides and insecticides is given, with 

 recipes and notes as to when and what to use in various cases. The 

 recipes have been several times given in these columns. — F. J. C. 



Strawberries, Perpetual Fruiting:. By A. Pirlot (Le Jardtn, 

 vol. xx. No. 470, p. 284 ; 3 figs. ; September 20, 1906).— New varieties 

 of perpetual-fruiting strawberries are - Prof. Battenchon,' a hybrid from 

 ' Constante Feconde ' and 1 Sensation,' with large, deep-red berries, growing 

 on short stalks sheltered by the leaves ; 1 La Perle,' which is most fertile 

 and vigorous, keeping the flavour and rigid stems of the parent wild 

 strawberry ; and 1 Perle Rouge,' derived from 1 Perle,' perhaps the best 

 of all. Plant between July and April, preferably August-September, 

 choosing runners from specially prepared plants of the previous autumn. 

 These should be sat widely apart, care being taken that the runners have 

 space and plenty of water given them, the parent plants not being allowed 

 to flower.— A. W. F. 



Sugar Cane, Insect Pests of. By H. A. Ballou, B.Sc. (Jour. Imp. 

 Dep. Agr. W.I. vol. vi. No. 1 ; 1905). — This is assumed to be a concise 

 summary of what has been published up to date on this subject* and 

 includes the following : — The moth borer (Diatraea saccharalis), hard 

 back (Ligynis tumulosiLs), the weevil-borer (Sphcnophorus scriccus), the 

 root-borer (Diaprepcs abbrcciatus), the cane fly (Delphax sacvliaricora), 

 scale insects [Dactylopius sacchari) (Dactylopius calccolariac) (Asjn- 

 diotus sacchari), the shot-borer (Xylcborus pcrforans), the larger moth- 

 borer (Castnia liens). Each with life-history, description, observations, 

 and remedies.— M. C. C. 



Summer Pruning'. By A. Dickens (U.SjL. Exp, Stn. Kansas, ' 

 Press Bull. 142 ; June 1905). — The conclusion is arrived at as the result 

 of experiments that summer pruning of fruit, timber and shade trees, 

 consisting in the cutting back of new wood and the thinning out of heavy 

 growth during early summer and late spring, leads to better results than 

 pruning during autumn and winter. — F. J. C. 



Sweet Potatoes, Diseases of. By E. Mead Wilcox, Ph.D. (U.S.A. 



Exp. Stn. Alabama, No. 135; June 1906). — The present bulletin assumes 

 to enumerate all the principal diseases which affect the sweet potato crop 

 in Alubanm. . * . . 



