448 



JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Migratory, in England during the summer : — 



Cuckoo Blackcap Swallow Nightingale 



Wryneck Garden Warbler Swift Butcher-bird 



White-throats Martin Spotted Flycatcher Nightjar 



Redstart Turtle Dove 



Insects Injurious to Fruit and the Influence of Birds. 



Winter moth, Ermine moth, and Lackey 

 moth caterpillars on apple, plum, and 

 cherry 



Magpie moth and Sawfly larvge on goose- 

 berry and red currant 



Codlin moth larvae 



Bud moth caterpillars in apple and plum 

 Apple-blossom weevil .... 

 Mite in black currant buds 

 Red spider on gooseberry, plum, and 

 apple 



Apple-sucker, or Psylla . 



Woolly aphis on apple . . . . 



Aphis on plum, damson, cherry, apple, 

 red currant, black currant 



Scale on apple bark . 



Scale on goosebery and red currant . 



Cuckoo eats hairy caterpillars ; house 

 sparrow, chaffinch, and greenfinch 

 occasionally eat caterpillars on apple 

 trees ; so does, more rarely, the rook. 



Rarely taken by any bird, not being- 

 liked. Cuckoo and house sparrow 

 occasionally eat them. 



Largely devoured by tits, tree-creeper, 

 and nuthatch in winter. 



Eaten by tits. 



Eaten by great tit. 



Not eaten by any bird. 



Not eaten by birds. 



Not eaten by birds, but the eggs of the 

 insect are eaten by the blue tit. 



Eaten largely by tits and occasionally by 

 chaffinch. There is, however, liability 

 of the pest being spread, carried about 

 on the feet of the birds. 



The aphides are seldom eaten largely by 

 birds ; the wren, robin, spotted fly- 

 catcher, and long-tailed tit eat some 

 aphides ; a few are eaten by the house 

 sparrow and chaffinch. 



Eaten by tits, especially the blue tit. 



Not eaten by any bird. 



Damage done by Birds to Fruit. 



Buds of gooseberry, red currant, damson, 

 plum, cherry, apple, pear, raspberry 



Flowers of gooseberry, cherry, and plum 



Fruits of strawberry, cherry, apple, pear, 

 damson and plum 



Fruits of red currant . 

 Fruits of black currant . 



Fruits of gooseberry 



Bullfinch eats all these buds, house spar- 

 row eats largely, and the chaffinch and 

 greenfinch to a lesser extent eat the 

 buds of gooseberry, red currant, and 

 damson. 



Are pecked and pulled to pieces by the 

 house sparrow, bullfinch, chaffinch, and 

 greenfinch. 



Are eaten by blackbird, missel and song 

 thrush, starling (especially cherries), 

 wood-pigeon. Blue tit pecks apples 

 and pears. House sparrow eats a few 

 cherries. Plums are not usually much 

 eaten by birds except in dry weather. 



Are eaten by blackbird, missel and song 

 thrush, starling, and a few by robin. 



Are eaten by blackbird, missel and song 

 thrash, starling, and a few by robin 

 when fully ripe. 



Are eaten by blackbird, and a few eaten 

 by house sparrow ; also by wood-pigeon. 



