NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



589 



conditions, Bordeaux mixture injures the leaves and fruit of the apple. 

 Different species of plants are injured in different degrees. The injury 

 on the fruit first appears as small, round, black or brown specks ; later 

 the injured specimens become rough and russeted. Such fruit does not 

 keep well. Affected leaves first show dead brown spots of various shapes 

 and sizes. Quickly following the appearance of these spots, the leaf 

 turns yellow and the leaves fall. Some varieties of apples are injured 

 much less than others by Bordeaux mixture, and there is a wide range 

 in this variation. Wet weather seems to give the favouring atmospheric 

 condition for this trouble. Experiments with varying quantities of lime 

 and copper sulphate showed that the more copper sulphate the greater the 

 injury. 



Practical suggestions for spraying are : " Use less copper sulphate ; 

 give the following formula for Bordeaux mixture a good trial : — 

 3 lb. copper sulphate, 3 lb. lime, fifty gallons water. Spray in moderation ; 

 spray to cover the foliage and fruit with a thin film and yet not have the 

 trees drip heavily. So far as possible the Bordeaux mixture should only 

 be used in dry weather. Use equal amounts of lime and copper sulphate." 



Bordeaux mixture is the best fungicide known to the apple grower. 

 Its use cannot be given up in fighting apple-scab, even though it does 

 cause some injury. Apple- scab causes a far greater loss than Bordeaux 

 mixture. — C. H. II. 



Breeding" of Plants. By Ed. Griffon (Jour. Soc. Nat. Hort. 

 Fr. ; 4th Series, vol. viii. ; August 1907). — According to a review by 

 E. Griffon, a work by M. Constantin, called " Le Transformism appliquee 

 h V Agriculture," is a good and useful handbook on the principles 

 of natural and artificial selection in plants, and an instructive guide to 

 the causes of variation from the point of view of the horticulturist. 



M. L. H. 



Bruckenthalia spiculifolia. By W. J. Bean (Bot. May. tab. 

 8148). — Nat. ord. Ericaceae ; tribe Ericeae ; Transylvania, Balkan 

 Peninsula, and Northern Asia Minor. A much-branched shrublet, 

 \ foot high ; corolla rose-coloured. — G. H. 



Bulbophyllum dichromum. By R. A. Rolfe (Bot. May. tab. 

 8160). — Nat. ord. Orchidaceae ; tribe Epidcndreae ; Annam. Epiphyte ; 

 flowers deep yellow with a dark purple lip. — G. II. 



Bulbophyllum longisepalum. Anon. (Gard. Chron. No. 1082, 

 p. 210, September 21, 1907; fig. 89).— The flowers of this plant are 

 among the most extraordinary of those of orchids. The figure shows the 

 peculiarity of the blossoms very clearly. — G. S. S. 



Cacao Industry (West Indies) (Journ. Imp. Dep. Ayr. W.I. 

 1907, 2). — This bulletin contains reprints of papers read at the West 

 Indian Agricultural Conference, 1907, including the following : By H. A. 

 Ballon, M.Sc. 



Besults of the Becent Experiments with Cacao in the West Indies. 

 Yield of Cacao in Trinidad. 

 Thrips on Cacao. — M. C. C. 



