1813.] Neiv Hydraulic Machines, 18? 



In its natural state the water will rise to the same level in the 

 tube and in the reservoir. 



Let us suppose now that towards the middle of the length of 

 the tuhe a hole is made, and a pair of bellows adapted to it, by 

 means of which air is forced in, not in a full current, by the 

 interposition of a plate of metal pierced by a great number of 

 small holes to divide the volume of the air. The air will pene- 

 trate into the mass of water in the form of small bubbles, and 

 the adhesion of the particles of water to one another will keep 

 these small bubbles separate. The water of the tube will thus 

 become mixed with air, above the opening at which the pipe of 

 the bellows is fixed, and of course specifically lighter than the 

 water of the reservoir. It will therefore stand higher in the 

 tube than in the reservoir, and may be made either to return 

 into the same reservoir, or it may pass into another more elevated 

 than the first ; but the object of M. Mannoury would not be 

 completely fulfilled, unless he substituted for the bellows, which 

 are moveable, some pther method. His contrivance is very 

 simple. ' 



The author makes a second column pass from his reservoir, 

 which makes its way through a new^ tube into a close chamber. 

 In proportion as the water fills this chamber, the air in it is 

 compressed. This compressed air passing by means of a tube 

 to the opening in the side of the first tube answers the puraose 

 of a bellows till the chamber becomes filled with water. Tlie 

 chamber is then emptied by means of an intermitting syphon, 

 and the same processes are repeated at pleasure. 



The author, to render his current of air continual, has con- 

 trived very ingenious methods, of which it is not necessary to 

 speak here. It is only necessary to say that the effects of this 

 hydreole correspond exactly with the promises , of the author, 

 and that a constant and copious supply of water is raised by it. 



We shall notice another application of the hydreole, on 

 account of its singularity. 



The author begins by drawing from his reservoir a jet d'eau, 

 which rises, according to the common laws of hydraulics, not 

 quite so high as the reservoir, on account of the friction. At the 

 centre of the pipe fi'om which this jet d'eau issues, a current of 

 air rushes, produced, as above explained, by means of a second 

 column of water from the same reservoir. The water and the 

 air, in consequence of this, mix together, and issue in that state 

 from ihe mouth of the pipe, and rise in consequence much 

 higher than the reservoir. This effect ought to be expected from 

 what has been said before; but what is very singular, is the noise 

 occasioned by the shock of the particles of air against those of 

 the water as they issue from the pipe. This sound approaches 

 that of the harmonica \ but it is not so sweet. If the running 



