IS13.] 



Tables of JVeights arid Measures. 



457 



Medicinal weights. They are divided, precisely as our English 



Apothecaries' weight, or as follows : — 



20 grains make 1 scruple. 



3 scruples 1 dram. 



8 drams 1 ounce. 



12 ounces 1 pound. 



According to Gren, 1 Nuremburg lb. -- 0*^)59266 of an 



English Troy pound. The same ratio exists between the respec- 

 tive ounces, drams, scruples, and grains. Hence, to reduce 

 Nuremburg weights to their respective English, we have only to 

 muhiply by 0-Ii5926G. 



There is another weight in common use in Germany, namely, 

 the Cologne mark, or mark of Charlemagne. It is employed in 

 weighing gold and silver, and therefore often occurs in chemical 

 books. It is thus subdivided 



256 standard parts (Recht pfenningtheil) make 1 pfenning. 



4 pfennings (pennyweights or deniers) .... 1 quentchen^ 



4 quentchens (drams) 1 loth. 



2 loths 1 ounce. 



8 ounces , . 1 mark. 



Jt appears from Gren that 1 Cologne ounce is equal to 

 0'939018 of a Troy ounce, and the Cologne marc is equal to 

 7*512144 Troy ounces. From these data it is easy to reduce the 

 Cologne weights to the English standard. 



The common measure of length in Germany is the Rhinland 

 foot, which, like our own, is divided into 12 inches. 



English Inches. 



1 Rhinland foot = 12-341 

 1 Rhinland inch = 1-02842 



V. Swedish Weights and Measures^ 



The Swedish pound is divided in the same manner as our 

 apothecaries' pound. A Swedish pound weighs 6556' grains 

 Troy. Hence an English Troy grain is equal to 1-138194 

 Swedish grains. And to reduce Swedish grains to English we 

 must multiply by that number. 



The Swedish inch is equal to 1-238435 English inches. 



The Swedish kanne is equal to 100 Swedish cubical inches. 

 It is equal to 189*9413 English cubic inches. 



The lod, a weight sometimes used by Bergman, is the 32d 

 part of a Swedish pound. 



