INTRODUCTION 



47 



X. MAN. 



1. Man, at birth the most helpless of annuals and seemhigly the most exposed to the acci- 

 dents of nature, is yet the most universal and independent of the animal creation. Gifted with 

 the divine powers of reason and speech, he is separated by a wide gulf from the mere animal 

 nature ; yet physically considered he stands at the head of the animal kingdom. The human 

 race forms but one species ; yet exhibits those physical diversities which constitute varieties. 



2. Varieties of the Human Race. The physical differences which exist in the human 



Types of the Five Races of Men. 



family, are diversity of com- 

 plexion ; difference of stature 

 and shape ; varieties of form 

 in the skull ; color and nature 

 of the hair ; &c. Some nat- 

 uralists, taking complexion as 

 the basis of their division, dis 

 tinguish the human race into 

 three varieties ; 1. the white 

 or Caucasian ; 2. the yellow 

 or Mongolian ; and 3. the 

 black or Ethiopian. Others 

 adopt the form of the skull as 

 the characteristic, and make 

 five varieties; 1. the Cauca- 

 sian, including the European 

 nations and some of the West- 

 ern Asiatics, in which the 

 head is almost round, the face 

 oval, and the features not very 

 prominent ; 2. The Mongo- 

 lian, in which the head is 

 almost square, the cheek-bones 

 prominent, and the face broad 

 and flattened ; 3. The Ethio- 

 pian or Negro, in which the 

 head is narrow, the forehead 

 convex, the nostrils wide, the 

 jaws lengthened, the lower 

 part of the face projecting, the 

 nose spread and flat, and the 

 lips thick ; 4. The American, 

 in which the cheek-bones are 

 prominent, the face broad, the 

 forehead low, and the eyes 

 deeply seated ; 5. And the 

 Malay, in which the forehead 

 is slightly arched, the upper 

 jaw projecting, and the features 

 in many respects approaching 

 those of the second and fourth 

 varieties. 



1. Ethiopian. 2. Jlmerican. 3. Caucasian. 4. Mongolian. 5. Malay. 



Of these five races the Caucasian deserves to be considered the first. Not only is the 

 countenance more beautiful, but the intellectual and moral endowments of this race are of a 

 higher character. Whenever they have met with the other races, they have ultimately pre- 

 vailed. They have excelled all others in literature and the arts, and seem to have given birth 

 to most of the valuable institutions of human society. 



