48 



INTRODUCTION. 



The following table exhibits Hassel's enumeration of the vaiuous races of men : 



I. Caucasian or While Race. 



1. Caucasians, Georgians, &c. . . 1,118,000 



2. Arabians, Moors, Jews, Abyssinians, 



Berbers, Armenians, &c. . . 54,533,000 



3. Hindoos, Persians, A^hans, Curds, &c. 143,353,000 



4. Tartar nations ; — Turks, Turcomans, 



Usbecks, Kirguses, &,c. . . 17,095,000 



5. Greeks, .... 4,834,000 



6. Arnauts, .... 530,000 



7. Sclavonian nations ; — Russians, Poles, 

 Lithuanians, Croats, . . 68,255,000 



8 Teutonic or German nations ; — Ger- 

 mans, English, Swedes, Dutch, Danes, 

 Norwegians, &c. . . . 00,604,000 



9 Roman or Latin nations ; — French, 



Italian, Spanish, Walloons, Wallachians, 75,829,000 

 10. Celts or Caledonians, Low Bretons, 



Basques, &c. . . . 10,484,000 



Total, 436,625,000 



II. Mongolian, Tawny, or Olive Race. 



III. Malay or Dark Brown Race. 



Malays, inhabiting the peninsula of Malac- 

 ca, the island of Ceylon, and the islands 

 in the Pacific Ocean, 



32,800,000 



IV. Ethiopian, Kegro, or Black Race. 



African Negroes, 



CafFres, 



Hottentots, 



Papuans, Negroes of Australia, 



62,083,300 

 5,200,000 

 500,000 

 050,000 



Total, 69,633,300 

 V. American or Copper-colored Race. . ■ * 



Mongul nations, Thibetians, &c. 

 Chinese, 



Birmans, Siamese, Anamese, &c. 

 Japanese, . . . « 



Mandshurs or Mantchoos. 

 Finns, Esthonians, Laplanders, &c. 

 EsquimauA, Samoides, Kamtscliatdales, &c. 



35,842,000 

 256,200,000 

 33,850,000 

 41,100,000 

 19.320,000 

 2,878,000 

 185,700 



Total, 389,375,700 



North American Indians, 

 South American Indiana, 

 Caribbees, &c. 



Caucasians, 



Mongolians, 



Malays, 



Ethiopians, 



Americans, 



5,130,000 

 5,140,000 

 17,000 



Total, 10,287,000 



436,625,000 

 389,375,700 



32,500,000 



69.633,300 



10,287,000 



Total, 938,421,000 



3. Languages. Some writers have endeavored to arrange tlie human tribes into classes or 

 families, according to the relations of their languages ; comprising under the name of family 

 those nations whose languages are closely connected in grammatical structure or in the etymol- 

 ogy of their roots. Thus the German, Swedish, Danish, Dutch, and English languages bear 

 a close resemblance to each other, and the nations speaking those languages are considered as 

 kindred tribes, forming a family of nations to which has been given the name of the Teutonic 

 family. The whole number of known languages is about 2,000. Of these fifteen are spoken 

 or understood over a wide extent of country or by a great number of individuals : viz. the 

 Chinese, Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Hebrew, Sanscrit, German, English, Erench, Spanish, 

 Portuguese, Russian, Greek, Latin, and Malay, 



4. Population of the Globe. Very different estimates have been made of the entire popu- 

 lation of the globe ; a regular enumeration has been made only in a few states, and the whole 

 number of individuals in some has been calculated from a consideration of the known ni.;'^ber 

 of males, or of men capable of bearing arms, or of taxable polls, &c. But these data are 

 not possessed in regard to many countries, and tliere are extensive regions of the world quite 

 unknown to us. Accordingly the most trustworthy estimates of late writers differ considerably 

 on this subject, some calculating the number of individuals of the human race at 1,000 millions, 

 and others at 650 or 700 millions. Supposing the population of the globe to be rather less 

 than 750 millions, the following table exhibits an estimate of its distribution in the five great 

 divisions of the world. 



Old World or Eastern Continent, 



Europe, 



Asia, 



Africa, 



New World or Western Continent, 

 Oceania, 



230,000,000 

 390,000,000 

 60,000,000 



Population. 

 680,000,000 



40,000,000 

 20,000,000. 



XI. POLITICAL INSTITQTIONS. 



1. Origin of Government. Let us for a moment go back to the very infancy of society, 

 and trace its progress in the formation of government. The ties which unite husband and wife, 



