118 



UNITED STATES. 



of fair weather is greater here, and the air is drier ; as the rain in America falls in much heavier 

 showers, and the evaporation is more rapid than on the eastern continent. The spring of the 

 United States is remarkably short. The peculiarities of climate in each State and division 

 are elsewhere minutely described. 



9. Minerals. The mineral products of the United States are rich and various. Iron, coal, 

 lime, and salt, articles of primary importance, exist in great abundance. Lead is found in 

 inexhaustible quantities in Virginia, New York, Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa. Salt, 

 which is obtained from the sea on the eastern side of the Alleghanies, is procured on the 

 western side from salt springs, which are numerous and copious in their produce all over the 

 Western States. The supply of coal is equally abundant; on the west of the mountains 

 immense beds of bituminous coal stretch for hundreds of miles through the valley of the 

 Mississippi ; and on the east anthracite coal is found in various positions. Gold has recently 

 been found in considerable quantities in some of the Southern States. Copper is found in 

 Michigan and Missouri. 



10. Political Divisions, Population, and Capital. The United States are divided politi- 

 cally into twenty-six States, three Territories, and the District of Columbia ; all of which, 

 with the exception of Louisiana, Missouri, and Arkansas, and Iowa Territory, lie on the east 

 of the Mississippi. The capital is Washington in the District of Columbia. 



States and Territories. 



J\''cw England States. 



Area, sq. m. 



Maine, ..... 35,000 



New Hampshire, . . . 9,500 



Vermont, .... 10,000 



New York, 

 Pennsylvania, 



Maryland, 

 Virginia, 

 North Carolina, 

 South Carolina, 



Ohio, ...... 45,000 



Indiana, ..... 36,000 



Michigan, ..... 70,000 



Illinois, ..... 55,000 



Area, sq. m. 



Massachusetts, . . . 7,800 



Rhode Island, .... l,-225 

 Connecticut, . , 4,760 



7,275 

 2,100 



62,000 

 50,000 

 46,500 

 48,500 



Missouri, . ... 68,000 



Arkansas, .... 55,000 



Kentucky, ..... 40,500 



Tennessee, .... 45,000 



Middle States. 



43,000 1 New Jersey, 

 46,000 I Delaware, 



Southern States. 



13,500 I Georgia, 



70,000 I Alabama, 



50,000 I Mississippi, 



33,000 I Louisiana, 



Western States. 



Territories and District. 



Wisconsin, ..... 80,000 I Florida, ..... 55,000 

 Iowa, ..... 180,000 I District of Columbia, ... 100 



The regions to the west of the Missouri have no separate governments. The constitution 

 requires that a census or enumeration of the population should be taken every ten years, in 

 order to determine the number of representatives to which each State is entitled. Five 

 official enumerations have been taken, which give the following results. 



Population at different Periods by official Enumerations. 



1790, 

 1800, 

 1810, 

 1820, 

 1830, 

 1840, 



Whites. 



3,172,464 

 4,304,502 

 5.862,004 

 7,872,711 

 10,537,378 



Slaves. 



G:)7,807 

 893,041 

 1,191,364 

 1,543,688 

 2,009,043 



Free Colored. 



59.466 

 108,398 

 186,446 

 238,197 

 319,599 



Total Colored. 



757,363 

 1,001.439 

 1,377.810 

 1,781,865 

 2,328,642 



Total Population. 



3,929,827 

 5,305,941 

 7,239,814 

 9,654,596 

 12,866,020 



The Indians are not included, and at present there are very few of them remaining east of 

 the Mississippi 



