UNITED STATES. 



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In some there are taxes on fisheries, mills, carriages, horses, cattle, watches, &c., in others, 

 Done of these are taxed. The most common are the capitation and property tax. In Massa- 

 chusetts every male citizen from 16 to GO is subject to a poll tax, which is commonly a dollar, 

 or a dollar and a half. The State expenses of Massachusetts amount to less than a dollar to 

 each individual, or the value of one day's labor. The town tax varies in proportion to wealth 

 and numbers in difl'erent towns. In remote country towns, with no density of population, the 

 the tax is about 1 dollar 25 cents to each individual ; in Newburyport, a large town, not of 

 the first class, 2 dollars ; in Boston, 5 dollars. Taxes for the support of rehgion, are, with 

 trifling exceptions, voluntary. 



The highest salary is that of the President, who receives 25,000 dollars a year ; Ministers 

 Plenipotentiary receive 9,000 dollars annually, and the same sum for an outfit ; the Secretaries 

 of State, the Treasury, War, and the Navy, and the Postmaster-General, 6,000 ; the Vice 

 President, 5,000. The Chief Justice, 5,000; the Associate Justices, 4,500; Charges d'Af- 

 faires, 4,500 ; Secretaries of Legation, 2,000 ; Members of Congress, 8 dollars a day. 



18. Army and Mavy. The peace establishment of the army, as at present fixed by law of 

 Congress, includes 12,500 men ; the army is divided into 2 divisions, the Eastern and West- 

 ern, and consists of 4 regiments of artillery, 8 regiments of infantry, and 2 regiments of 

 dragoons, under the command of a major-general and 2 brigadier-generals. Connected with 

 the War Department is the Military Academy at West Point on the Hudson, for the education 

 of officers. The Navy of the United States is small, but in admirable order, and is of great 

 importance in peace, by affording protection to commerce in foreign seas. There are navy- 

 yards at Portsmouth, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Norfolk, and Pensacola. 

 The naval force comprises 12 ships of the line, 26 frigates, 24 sloops of war, and some 

 smaller vessels ; and graving or dry docks of granite have been constructed at Norfolk and 

 Charlestovvn, of a size to receive the largest vessels. 



19. Posts. The post roads in the United States amount to about 350,000 miles, and the 

 annual transportation of the mail is about 35,000,000 miles. The number of post offices is 

 12,600 ; the revenue arising from the department is expended upon the extension and improve- 

 ment of the post establishment, so as to maintain a regular and safe conveyance to the remotest 

 settlements. 



20. Mint. The mint is established in Philadelphia, with branches at Charlotte in North 

 Carolina, and Dahlonega in Georgia, for the coinage of gold, and one in New Orleans for the 

 coinage of both gold and silver. The whole coinage from 1792 to 1838 was as under. 



Pieces Coined. Value. 



Gold . , . 5,817,458 . . . $26,237,735 



Silver . . . 125,530,962 . . . 50,345,282 



Copper . . . 80,361,965 . . . 763,431 



Totals, 211,710,385 77,346,448 



21. Slavery. Slavery exists in 13 States ; Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North and South 

 Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Tennessee, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, and Ar- 

 kansas, also in the District of Columbia, and the Territory of Florida. There are also some 

 slaves in Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, but slavery, 

 being abolished by law in these States, will cease on the exportation or death of such as are 

 slaves at present. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, 

 and Indiana, have no slaves, and in Maryland they are on the decrease. In South Carolina 

 and Louisiana only do they exceed the free population. 



22. Religious Denominations. The religious sects are numerous in the United States ; 

 they include Baptists, who have 5,075 congregations, and 3,370 preachers ; Methodists, with 

 2,200 preachers ; Presbyterians, with 2,532 congregations and 2,008 preachers ; Orthodox 

 Congregationalists, 1,000 ministers and 1,381 congregations ; Episcopahans, 596 clergymen 

 and 950 churches ; Dutch Reformed, 190 churches and 132 pastors ; German Reformed, 160 

 ministers and 570 churches ; Christians, Universalists, Lutherans, Friends, Roman Catholics, 

 and Unitarians, with some separatists from the Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians. 



23. Education., Libraries. There are about 70 colleges in the United States, but most of 

 these are merely high or classical schools, and many of them have no funds and a small numbet 

 of students. In several of the States the lower or elementary branches are made accessible 

 to all gratuitously, bv means of free schools ; this is particularly the case in New England, 



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