124 



UNITED STATES. 



Ifames. Length. Miles, 



by Vandalia and Southern terminus of Illinois 

 and Michigan Canal to Galena 460 

 South Cross, from Alton to Mt. Carmel on the 

 Wabash, with branch from Edwardsville to 

 Shawneetovvn 320 

 North Cross, from Quincy on Mississippi by 



Springfield to Indiana State line near Danville 220 

 Peoria, from Warsaw on Mississippi by Peoria 



to Bloomington 160 

 Alton, from Alton by Shelbyville to Indiana 

 boundary near Terre Haute 100 

 Ithaca and Owego, North Branch of Susquehanna 



to Cayuga Lake 29 

 Lawrenceburg and Indianapolis, Indianapolis to the 



Ohio (Indiana) 90 

 Little Miami, Cincinnati to Springfield 7U 

 Lexington, Lexington by Frankfort to Louisville 



(Ky.) 80 

 Lockport and Niagara Falls, (N. Y.) 20 

 Long Island, Brooklyn to Greenport, (in progress) VS 

 Louisa, Louisa Court House to Fredericksburg and 



Richmond Railroad 40 

 Madison and Lafayette, the Ohio to the Wabash (In- 

 diana) 150 

 Mad River, Daytim to Sandusky (Ohio) ICO 

 Mississippi and Pearl, Jackson to Natchez (Miss.) 120 

 Mohawk and Hudson, Albany to Schenectady 16 

 Michigan and Laporte, Michigan City to Laporte (In- 

 diana) 12 

 Montgomery, Montgomery (Al.) to Franklin (Geo.) 120 

 Morris and Essex, from Newark to Morristown (N. J.) 20 

 Newcastle and Frenchtown, Delaware to the Elk 16^ 

 New Orleans to Nashville, (proposed) 



New Haven and Hartford, (Ct.) 40 

 New Jersey, Jersey City opposite New York, through 



New Brunswick to Trenton CO 

 New York and Albany, (proposed) 

 Northern, (Michigan), Lake St. Clair to Grand Rapids 



on Grand River 200 

 Norwich and Worcester, Norwich (Ct.) to Worcester 



(Mass.) 58 



Names. Length. Milei 



New York and Erie, Tappan Sloat on the Hudson to 



Dunkirk on Lake Erie 

 Oxford, Coatesville on Columbia Railroad to Port De- 

 posit 



Petersburg and Roanoke, Petersburg (Va.) to Blake- 

 ly (lN. C.) 



Pensacola and Montgomery, (Alabama) 



Philadelphia and Trenton 



Philadelphia and Reading 



Norristovvn, Philadelphia to Norristown 



Portsmouth and Roanoke, Portsmouth opposite Nor- 

 folk to Weldon 



Raleigh and Gaston, Raleigh to Gaston on the Roan- 

 oke 



Rensselaer, Troy to Ballston 



Richmond and Potomac, Richmond by Fredericks- 

 burg to Potomac 

 Richmond and Petersburg 



Roanoke and Greensville, Bellfield (Va.) to the Ro- 

 anoke (N. C.) 

 St. Francisville and Woodville, (Mississippi) 

 Saratoga and Schenectady 



Selma and Tennessee, Selma to the River Tennessee 

 (Alabama) 



Somerville, Somerville to Elizabethtown, (N. J.) 

 South Carolina, Charleston to Hamburg 

 Taunton and Old Colony, Providence railroad to New 

 Bedford 



Tonawanda, Rochester to Attica (N. Y.) 

 Southern, (Michigan), Monroe to Lake IMichigan 

 Tuscumbia and Decatur, round Muscle Shoals (Ala.) 

 Utica and Schenectady 

 Utica and Syracuse 



Vicksburg and Jackson, Jackson to Vicksburg, (Miss.) 



Western, from Boston by Worcester and Springfield 

 to Western line of Massachusetts 



Winchester, Winchester (Va.) to Potomac 



Williamsport and Elmira, West Branch of Susque- 

 hanna to the Tioga 



Wilmington and Raleigh, Wilmington to Halifax on 

 the Roanoke. 161 



340 



31 



CO 

 ICO 

 26 

 56 

 17 



8C 



86 

 25 



75 

 21 



18 

 26 

 224 



170 



25 

 135 



33 

 47 

 180 

 15 

 84 

 50 

 46 



160 

 30 



74 



26. Government. The United States form a Confederated Republic. The Legislative 

 power is vested in a Congress, which consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. 

 The Senate is composed of two senators from each State, chosen by the legislature thereof. 

 The senators are chosen for six years, but divided into classes, so that one third of the Senate 

 is renewed once in two years. No person can be a senator who is not thirty years of age, and 

 who has not for nine years been a citizen. The Senate has the sole power to try all ithpeach- 

 ments, and the Vice-President is President of the Senate. 



The House of Representatives is composed of members chosen every second year. No 

 person is quahfied to be a member who is not 25 years of age, and who has not been for 7 

 years a citizen of the United States. The apportionment fixes the rate of representation at 

 1 representative for every 47,700 inhabitants. In the enumeration three fifths of the slaves are 

 excluded. All bills for raising a revenue must originate in the House of Representatives. Any 

 bill may become a law without the approbation of the President, if, after he returns it, it shall 

 be reconsidered and approved by two thirds of both Houses. 



The Congress has power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to provide 

 for the common defence, to borrow money on the public credit, to regulate foreign and domes- 

 tic commerce, to make bankrupt laws, coin money, and punish counterfeiters, establish post- 

 offices, and post-roads, secure copy-rights and patent-rights, establish tribunals inferior to the 

 Supreme Court, punish felonies and piracies committed on the high seas, declare war and grant 

 letters of marque and reprisal, make rules concerning captures, raise and support armies, pro- 

 vide and maintain a navy, provide for the caUing out of the militia to execute the laws of the 

 Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions, &c. 



The Executive power is vested in a President, chosen for the term of 4 years, in the following 

 manner. Each State shall appoint in a way prescribed by its legislature, a number of electors 

 equal to its whole representation in the Senate and House of Representatives ; these meet in 

 their respective States and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom must 



