UNITED STATES. 



133 



Indians of the JVurthwcst Coast. 



child grows up, is so flattened that it is m a 

 straight line with the nose, and the skull 

 comes to a point only an inch or two through. 

 While this pressure is on it, the eyes are 

 said to stand out of the head like those of a 

 mouse squeezed to death in a trap. The 

 division of the nostrils among several tribes, 

 is pierced, and feathers or ornaments of 

 wood and shell are worn in them. On 

 the coast the hp is pierced, in such a man- 

 ner that the orifice looks like a second 

 mouth. A large piece of wood or shell is 

 worn in it. The skin is sometimes tattooed 

 and the ears are slit. There are several 

 languages, some of which pervade many 

 tribes. In some, the sounds are so guttural 

 that they resemble the clucking of a fowl. 

 The general diseases are rheumatism, consumption, and ophthalmia. Few have good eyes, 

 and the aged are generally blind. The great remedy in the eastern parts, is the vapor bath. 

 The patient from this, plunges in cold water. In some tribes the teeth decay soon. The gen- 

 eral food is fish, roots, berries, and the products of the chase. The dress is a robe of fur, or 

 on the coast, of European manufactures. The tribes have little knowledge of spirituous 

 liquors. Generally these Indians are thieves and pilferers. They are treacherous and re- 

 vengeful. Some of the principal tribes are the Shoshonees, or Snake Indians ; the Chopun- 

 nish, which has several large branches under different names ; there are several other bands of 

 the Multnoma tribe. Other tribes are the Sokulk, the Chinampum, Wallahwallah, Pishquitpah, 

 Wahowpurn, Eneshure, Eskeloot, Chilluckitequaw, Shahala, Wappatoo, Cathlamah, Skilloot, 

 Chinnook, Clatsop, Killamuck, Wakash, and others. Of these the Chopuiinish and Wallahwallah 

 are represented as gentle and hospitable, and in these particulars there is diversity of character 

 among the tribes. The treatment of females varies among different tribes. In some they are 

 considered equals and treated accordingly ; in others they are patient slaves to their husbands. 

 The Spokans are honest and friendly, indulgent fathers, but despotic husbands. The people 

 of Nootka Sound, are hardy, cruel, and warlike. But it would be tedious farther to enume- 

 rate the individual diilerences among tribes that have a general resemblance. 



Indians in the United States. 



1. Indians East of the Mississippi. 



New York Indians, (Senecas, &c.), - - 4,000 



Chippeways, (Michigan and Wisconsin), - - 8,000 



Ottawas, Cliippeways, and Pottawatamies, - 6,ri00 



Wvandots, (Ohio), tlOO 



Menomonies, (Wisconsin), . - . . 4,000 



Seminoles, (Florida), - - - - 2,000 



25,100 



2. Between the Mississippi and Missouri. 



Winnebaffoes, 4,1500 



Sacs and Foxes, 4,500 



loways, 1,200 



Sioux, 25,000 



Assiniboins, 3,000 

 Pottawatamies, 2,000 



3. In the Indian Territory. 



Choctaws, 18,000 



Creeks, 25,000 



Cherokees, 26,000 



Seminoles, 3,000 



Chickasaws, 5,000 



Delawares, 1,000 



Osasres, 5.000 



Kansas, 1,500 



Puncahs, 800 



Kickapoos, ....... (JOO 



Senecas and Shawnees, - - . . . ] ,800 



Weas, Peorias, Kaskaskias, &c., ... dOO 



Oniawhaws, 1 .'200 



Otoes and Missouries, 1,500 



4. Indians hcijond the States and Territories. 



Pawnees, 6,000 



Minnetaries, 2,500 



Rickarees, 3,000 



Shiennes, 2,111)0 



Crows, 4,500 



Blackfeet, 25.(100 



Kiowas, ....... 1,.500 



Canianches, 5,000 



Tribes West of Rocky Mountains, . . 50,000 



28. History. The settlement and early history of each State are laid before the reader in 

 the separate chapters. The several colonies were governed by the parent country nearly upon 

 the same system. The attempt of the British government to tax the colonies without their 

 consent, sowred the first seeds of that disalTection which subsequently ripened into open revolt- 



