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MAINE. 



son has also applied himself to the improvement of their temporal concerns, and they now paj 

 some attention to agriculture and the decencies of dress. They dwell mostly in rude wigwams 

 built of logs, bark, or slabs, but some of the tribe have more substantial houses, comparatively 

 neat and commodious ; a few are even painted, but none are large. They live mostly by hunt- 

 ing and making baskets. In the summer, many of them visit the seacoast for the purpose of 

 fishing. They are less addicted to the use of strong liquors than formerly, but preserve all 

 their old attachment to finery and trinkets. Beads and ornaments of silver are worn upon their 

 clothes in every fashion, but their dress in other respects resembles that of the lower orders in 

 our cities ; the women, however, wear blankets. In hunting they use only fire-arms, and are 

 no longer expert with the bow, which is now only the amusement of the children. Birch-bark 

 canoes are in common use with them, and are well constructed ; their basket-work, too, 

 displays considerable neatness. The best conditioned among them are young men, who hus- 

 band the products of their winter hunts. The priest above mentioned has within a few years 

 established a school, at which they have been taught to write. 



At the eastern extremity of the State, in the town of Perry, on Passamaquoddy Bay, is the 

 remnant of the Passamaquoddy tribe of Indians. A few years ago, they consisted of about 100 

 families, but they are now reduced to less than half that number. Their condition is much the 

 same as that of the Penobscots. They are Catholics, and every summer are visited by a Cath- 

 olic priest ; a protestant missionary from the United States also spends the summer with them. 

 The chief, whose name is Socbason, is an intelligent man, and ua-ites a good letter in English. 

 He is an officer in the church, and is familiarly known by the appellation of Deacon 

 Socbason. 



12. Government. The government of Maine consists of a Governor, an Executive Coun- 

 cil, a Senate, and House of Representatives. The Governor and members of the Legislature 

 are chosen annually ; all inhabitants of twenty-one years of age are voters. The Legislature 

 meets once a year at Augusta. The revenue is derived from a property and poll tax, fees, &c. 

 to public officers, and sales of land. Tlie annual expenditure of the State amounts to 200,000 

 dollars. Maine sends S Representatives to Congress. 



13. Religion. The various denominations are equally under the protection of the govern 

 ment. The Baptists have 168 ministers, and 15,000 communicants ; the Calvinistic Congre- 

 gationahsts have 120 pastors, and 12,500 communicants; the Methodists, 115 ministers, and 

 15,500 communicants ; the Freewill Baptists, 60 congregations ; the Quakers, 30 societies ; 

 the Unitarians, 12 societies ; the Episcopahans, 8 ministers ; the Roman Catholics, 6 churches ; 

 the Sandemanians, 3 societies. There are also some Universahsts, 3 societies of Shakers, and 

 3 of the New Jerusalem church. 



14. Education. The institutions for this purpose are numerous. Boivdoin College, at 

 Brunswick, was incorporated in 1794, but did not go into operation as a college till 1806. It 

 has at present several large brick buildings for the residence of students, and for medical, che- 

 mical, and philosophical lectures ; a chapel and library, and houses for college officers. Its 

 library contains 10,000 volumes. It has a cabinet of minerals, and a philosophical and chemi- 

 cal apparatus. The officers are a president and six professors ; a medical school is attached to 

 the college, with 3 professors. The funds of this institution are derived from lands granted 

 by James Bowdoin for its original endowment, other lands granted by Massachusetts and Maine, 

 and an annuity from the latter State. Waterville College is under the direction of the Baptist 

 denomination, and has 8 teachers ; the buildings are handsome brick edifices. Bangor Theo- 

 logical Seminary was incorporated in 1814. It has 3 professors ; the course of study is 3 

 years. Its funds have been contributed by private individuals. The Maine Wesleyan Semi- 

 nary, at Readfield, is designed for the education of Methodist preachers. Besides these insti- 

 tutions, there are 30 incorporated academies, mostly aided by grants of land from the Legisla- 

 ture ; each town is also required by law to raise and expend for the support of common schools 

 40 cents for each inhabitant. About three-fourths of the children of the State, between four 

 and twenty-one years, usually attend the schools. 



14. History. The civil history of Maine goes, properly, no further back than 1820, when 

 it was separated from Massachusetts and became an independent State. The Plymouth Com- 

 pany attempted a settlement in Maine at the mouth of the Kennebec in 1607, but this proved 

 abortive. The first permanent estabhshment was made at Saco in 1623. The province was 

 granted to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, who established a government over it in 1639 ; the first 

 general court was held at Saco in 1640, but the province was shortly afterwards united to Mas- 



