MASSACHUSETTS. 



197 



in proportion to the population. The senators are chosen in counties ; the numbers being 

 proportioned to the taxes paid by each county. Tlie executive are a Governor and Lieutenant- 

 Governor, chosen by die people, and a council of 9, chosen by t!ie legislature. All resident 

 citizens of a year's standing, who pay taxes, are voters. The legislature meet once a year at 

 Boston. Massachusetts sends 12 representatives to Congress. 



13. Religion. The congregational form is that which generally prevails ; but within its 

 limits are a diversity of doctrines, as Calvinism, Unitarianism, Anabaptism, Universalism, &c 

 The Calvinists are numerous, but the Unitarians have made some progress in this State, and in 

 Boston they exceed in numbers any other denomination. The orthodox Congregationalists 

 have in this State 325 churches, with 47,000 communicants ; the Unitarians 125 ; the Baptists 

 130, with 20,500 communicants ; the Universalists 100. The Methodists have 90 ministers, 

 and the Episcopalians 40. There are a few Shakers, some Swedenborgians, Roman Catho- 

 lics, &c. 



13. Education. Harvard University stands at the head of the literary institutions of the 



western hemisphere, and is the oldest 

 and wealthiest university in the United 

 States. It was founded in 1636, and 

 has received liberal endowments hom 

 the State of Massachusetts and from 

 philanthropic individuals. The build- 

 ings are situated upon Cambridge com- 

 mon, and consist of S edifices of brick, 

 and 2 of stone. There is also a botan- 

 ical garden, with a ereen-honse and a 

 collection of trees and plants, native 

 and foreign. The college library con- 

 tains above 45,000 volumes. The phi- 

 losophical apparatus and the cabinet of 

 minerals are valuable and extensive. 

 There is also a chemical laboratory, 

 anatomical museum, &c. The officers 

 are a president and 30 teachers. The 

 government belongs to a corporation, consisting of 6 fellows, and a board of overseers, com- 

 prising the Governor of the State, the Lieutenant-Governor, the members of the Council and 

 Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and 30 others, elected for that purpose. 

 A theological school, in which tuition is afforded free of expense, a law school, and a medical 

 college are attached to the University. The latter is in Boston, and has a medical library 



of 4,000 volumes ; here the lect- 

 ures are delivered in aulumn and 

 winter. fVilliams College, at 

 WiUiamstown, was incorporated 

 in 1793. It has a president and 

 7 instructors. The college edi- 

 fices are 2 four-story brick build- 

 ings and a laboratoiy. The 

 libraries have 4,550 volumes, 

 and there is a philosophical and 

 chemical apparatus. 'J'he med- 

 ical school is at Pittsfield. The 

 Jimherst Collegiate Institiiiion 

 was established in 1S21, and is 

 supported by the interest of a 

 fund of 50,000 dollars, contribu- 

 ted by individuals. The officers 

 are a president and 12 teachers. 

 There are 5 overseers appointed 

 by the subscribers to the fund. 

 The te»ms of admission and course of study are similar to those of Yale College. The library 



Harvard University. 



Amherst Collese. 



