264 



NEW JERSEY. 



height of 70 feet. A road has been cut through the rock, hy which the spectator may approacn 

 the spot in a favorable manner for enjoying the view. 



POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



1. Divisions. New Jersey has 18 counties; Bergen, Burhngton, Cape May, Cumberland, 

 Essex, Gloucester, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Salem, Somerset, Sussex, 

 Warren, Atlantic, Mercer, Passaic, and Hudson, subdivided into 120 townships. 



2. Canals. The Morris Canal crosses the northern part of the State, from New York to 

 the Pennsylvania coal region. It leaves the Hudson at Powles's Hook, opposite the city, and 

 proceeds north and west crossing the IMountain Ridge, beyond which it turns southwesterly and 

 extends along the base of the ridge to Easton on the Delaware, 100 miles. At several places 

 are inclined planes, up which boats are drawn by machinery. The whole rise and fall is 1,675 

 feet. Aqueducts pass over Passaic and Pompton rivers. Twenty miles of the canal lead through 

 narrow ravines, between high ridges of granite, abounding in valuable minerals. The Delaware 

 and Rarilan Canal extends from New Brunswick on the Rarilan, to Bordentown on the 

 Delaware, below Trenton, 43 miles in length. It is 7 feet deep, and 75 feet wide, at the sur- 

 face, being designed for sea vessels. 



3. Railroads. The Camden and Amboy Railroad is an important work on the great line 

 of travel between the north and south, 61 miles in length ; from South Amboy, its northern ter- 

 mination, steamers convey passengers to New York, through Staten Island Sound and the 

 Kills. There is a branch of this road from Bordentown to Trenton. The JVcto Jersey Rail- 

 road extends from Jersey City, on the Hudson, through Newark, Ehzabethtown, and New 

 Brunswick, to Trenton, 53 miles. The Paterson and Hudson Railroad branches oft' from the 

 New Jersey Railroad at Bergen Hill, and runs to Paterson, 15 miles. The Morris and Es- 

 sex Railroad extends from Newark through Orange and Chatham to Morristown, 20 miles. 

 The Elizabethtown and Somerville Railroad branches off from the New Jersey Railroad, at 

 the former place, and extends to the latter, a distance of 25 miles. The Camden and Wood- 

 bury Railroad is 8 miles in length. 



4. Towns. The capital is Trenton, on the Delaware, 30 miles above Philadelphia. It is 

 a place of considerable business, and contains a State-house, 2 banks, and 6 churches. The 

 rapids upon the Delaware, at this place, form the hmit of sloop and steamboat navigation. A 

 wooden bridge across the river, 1,100 feet long and covered with a roof, is the first on the 

 Delaware from the sea upwards. Trenton is incorporated with city privileges, and has some 

 thriving cotton manufactures. Population, 4,000. 



Burlington, on the Delaware, J 2 miles below Trenton, is beautifully situated, partly on an 

 island united to the shore by four bridges and causeways. It has many fine buildings, and 

 makes a very handsome appearance towards the river. It is a port of entry, but has no foreign 

 irade. Population, 2,600. 



Bordentown, on the river between this place and Trenton, is chiefly remarkable as the resi- 

 dence of Joseph Bonaparte, whose elegant villa attracts the attention of travelers. Princeton, 

 10 miles northeast of Trenton, is a handsome village, containing the college of New Jersey. 

 It stands on an elevated ridge, and commands a good prospect. 



The city of JVew Brunswick is situated at the head of sloop navigation upon the Raritan. 

 It contains a College, a Theological Seminary, and other public edifices, and has some com- 

 merce, chiefly in corn and flower. Population, 6,000. 



J^ewark, on the west bank of the Passaic, 9 miles from New York, is one of the most 

 flourishing towns in the State. The streets are regular, and in the centre of the place is a fine 

 pubhc square. The city has several banks, and many manufactories. The Passaic is here 

 navigable for sloops of 80 tons, and 4 miles below the town falls into Newark Bay. Popula- 

 tion, 20,000. The manufactures are various and extensive, although the estabhshments are on 

 a small scale. A great number of coaches, shoes, (4,000,000 pair yearly,) hats, furniture, 

 clothing, trunks, &c. are made here, the annual value of the manufactured products being about 

 8,000,000 dollars. Paterson is a large and flourishing manufacturing town, at the lower falls 

 of the Passaic ; here are 20 cotton mills, a duck factory, several woolen and paper mills, ma- 

 chine factories, brass and iron founderies. The town is pleasantly situated and prettily built, 

 and contains 12,000 inhabitants. i;.:.. t; ; j^. 



