NEW JERSEY. 



255 



Elizabethtoicn is the oldest place in New Jersey. It stands on a small creek flowing into 

 Staten Island Sound, with a navigation for vessels of 20 or 30 tons. It is a handsome town, 

 and surrounded by a fertile country. Population, 3,450. 



Perth Jlmboy is situated at the bottom of a bay, where the Raritan and Staten Island Sound 

 unite ; it has a tolerable harbor, and considerable commerce. 



5. .Agriculture. In the southern parts, owing to the barren soil, the business of cultivation 

 is not in a very thriving state. In the northern and middle parts, considerable attention is paid 

 to the rearing of garden stuffs, and fruit, for the markets of New York and Philadelphia. The 

 farmers also raise wheat, rye, maize, buckwheat, pulse, potatoes, &c. These portions of the 

 State abound in orchards ; the finest cider is made in the neighborhood of Ne wark. Cattle are 

 also extensively raised for exportation. 



6. Manufactures. Although the industry of the people is chiefly devoted to agriculture, the 

 northeastern section contains some flourishing manufacturing towns, and various branches of 

 manufacturing industry employ many of the inhabitants in other quarters. The following offi- 

 cial return gives but a partial view of the extent and variety of the manufacturing establishments 

 in 1830 ; for the mines and quarries, the potteries, the workshops for the making of hats, boots, 

 and shoes, carriages, saddles and harness, furniture, &c. are not taken into the account. 



857 runs of stone in grist mills. 



655 saw-mills. 



72 fulling " 



29 paper " 



13 rolling and slitting mills. 



17 oil mills. 



23 furnaces. 



108 forge fires. 



Manufacturing Establishments in 1830. 



45 cotton factories. 



25 woolen " 



6 calico print-works. 



13 glass vi'orks. 



388 cider distilleries. 



11 grain " 



135 carding machines. 



2,876 tan vats. 



The annual value of the iron manufactures in 1S30 was estimated at about 1,000,000 dollars, 

 including 1,670 tons of pig-iron, 5,615 tons of castings, and 3,000 tons of bar-iron ; that of cot- 

 tons at 2,000,000 ; of woolens at 250,000 ; of glass 500,000, but all these and other branches 

 have been much extended since that time. 



7. Commerce. The direct foreign commerce of New Jersey is inconsiderable in amount, 

 most of the transactions taking place in New York and Philadelphia ; an active coasting trade 

 is carried on from the numerous small rivers, which generally admit small sea vessels some dis- 

 tance into the interior ; of the actual amount of this trade we have no estimates. The shipping 

 owned in the State in 1836 amounted to 50,513 tons, exclusive of the river and canal craft. 



8. Fisheries. On the eastern coast, in the neighborhood of Staten Island, are abundant 

 oyster beds, which are highly profitable to that part of the State ; but the most productive 

 source of income is the shad fisliery upon the Atlantic coast and in the Delaware, which em- 

 ploys a great part of the population of the southern counties. The fishery is carried on by 

 many separate establishments, which employ laborers upon wages. Most of the fish are sold in 

 the market of Philadelphia. Wlien the spring floods are later than ordinary, the shad are 

 most abundant in the bays and inlets of the seacoast. 



9. Government. The legislature consists of a Council and House of Assembly, the mem- 

 bers of which are chosen annually. The Council consists of one member from each county, 

 and the Assembly, of three from each county. The Governor is chosen by the legislature 

 annually. Voters must be resident one year, and have paid a tax. The constitution was 

 established in 1776. New Jersey sends 6 members to Congress. 



10. Religion. The Presbyterians have 100 churches ; the Reformed Dutch church, 40 ; 

 the Baptists, 80 ; and the Episcopalians, 30 ministers. There are many Methodists and Qua- 

 kers, and some Congregationalists. 



11. Education. The College of ./Yeio Jeresy or JS'assau Hall., at Princeton, was founded 

 in 1738. It has a President, 13 professors, and 2 tutors. The library contains 8,000 vols. 

 Tnere is also at the same place a Theological Seminary established by the Presbyterians. 

 This last has a spacious stone building with five professors, and 120 students. Rutgers Col- 

 lege., at New Brunswick, has 100 students. The State has a school fund, yielding an annual 

 ■'icome of 22,000 doHnrs. 



