256 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



12 Population. 



Total. Slaves. 



1790, . . . 169,954 11,423 



1800, . . 195,125 12,422 



1810, . . . 226,861 10,861 



Total. Slaves 



1820, . . . 257,409 7,557 

 1830, . . 300,266 2,254 



13. History. New Jersey was first settled by the Dutch in 1624. The Swedes, in 1638, 

 purchased the land along the Delaware from the Indians ; and in 1640, the English began a set- 

 tlement within these limits at Elsingburg on the Delaware, but were soon driven away by the 

 Swedes and Dutch. The Swedes built a fort at Elsinburg, and retained possession till 1655, 

 when the Dutch of New York took all their posts, and sent the Swedes back to Europe. 

 The English, in 1664, after reducing New York, turned their arms against these settlements, 

 which immediately submitted. The Duke of York made a grant of the country to Lord 

 Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, and the territory was named New Jersey in compliment to 

 he latter, who had been governor of the isle of Jersey. The seat of government was estab- 

 lished at Elizabethtown. The Dutch soon afterwards reconquered the whole country, but sub- 

 sequently gave it up. In 1676, the territory was divided into East and West Jersey. In 

 1702, the proprietors surrendered both divisions to the crown, and they were formed into a 

 single government by Queen Anne. They were ruled by one Governor, but continued to 

 choose two assemblies. In 1738, two governors were again appointed. lo 1776, the pres- 

 ent constitution established the consolidation of the two governments. 



CHAPTER XIV. PENNSYLVANIA. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



1 . Boundaries and Extent. The northwestern corner of Pennsylvania is washed by Lake 

 Erie ; the State of New York forms its northern boundary ; the river Delaware separating it 

 from New York and New .Jersey, bounds it on the east. A small portion of Delaware, with 

 Maryland and Virginia, bound it on the south ; and a long, narrow strip of Virginia with Ohio 

 forms its western boundary. Its shape is almost a perfect parallelogram ; three of its sides 

 being marked by parallels of latitude and a meridian. It lies between 39^ 43' and 42° 15 



