PENNSYLVANIA. 



261 



POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



1. Divisions and Population. Pennsylvania is divided into 53 counties* and 651 townships. 

 The capital is Harrisburg. 



Population at several periods. 



Years. 



IVkkes. 



Slaves. 



Free Blacks. 



Total Colored. 



Total. 



1790 



424,099 



3,737 



6,537 



10,274 



434,373 



1800 



586,095 



1,706 



14,564 



16,270 



602,365 



1810 



786,804 



795 



22,492 



23,287 



810,091 



1820 



1,017,094 



211 



32,153 



32,364 



1,049,458 



1830 



1,309,900 



67 



38,266 



38,333 



1,348,233 



1840 











2. Canals. The State works, begun in 1825, comprise a series of railroads and canals 

 extending across the country from tide-water to the Ohio, and branching off in different direc- 

 tions, to almost every section of the State ; they embrace 810 miles of canals, and I 18 miles 

 of railroad, executed at a cost of about 25,000,000 dollars. The Grand Trunk extends from 

 Philadelphia to Pittsburg, a distance by this route of 400 miles. The first division of the 

 work is a railroad from Philadelphia to Columbia, on the Susquehanna, 81 miles; here the 

 canal begins, and is continued up the Susquehanna and the Juniata to Holidaysburg, 172 miles, 

 part of which distance is occupied by pools ; the rise and fall in this section is 748 feet, and 

 the summit at Holidaysburg is 684 feet above Columbia ; the canal is 40 feet wide at top and 

 4 feet deep ; locks, 111 ; dams, 18 ; aqueducts, 33. The Alleghany ridge is then surmounted 

 by the Mlegkany Portage Railroad.^ 37 miles in length, with a total rise and fall of 2,570 feet ; 

 the road comprises 10 inclined planes, about 4 miles in length, passed by stationary steam- 

 engines ; the summit level is 2,325 feet above the sea ; cost, including 3 locomotives, 1 ,749,500 

 dollars. There is a tunnel on this road 870 feet long, 20 feet high, and 16 feet wide, cut 

 through the solid rock, 200 feet below the top of the hill. At Johnstown, the western section 

 of the canal begins, and is continued down the Conemaugh or Kiskiminetas and Alleghany 

 to Pittsburg, 104 miles, with a total lockage of 471 feet; locks, 64 ; dams, 10; aqueducts, 

 16. The Delaware Branch of the Pennsylvania Canal extends from Easton to Bristol, on the 

 right bank of the river, 60 miles, with a descent of 170 feet. The Susquehanna division 

 extends up the Susquehanna and the North Branch, from the mouth of the Juniata to that of the 

 Lackawannock, 115 miles, and the continuation to the northern boundary line is now in progress. 

 The West Branch division runs from Northumberland up the West Branch of the Susquehanna to 

 Farrandsville, 73 miles. A continuation of this section to the Alleghany, forming an uninter- 

 rupted water communication across the mountains, is contemplated. The French Creek 

 division extends up the river of that name from Franklin, at its mouth, to Meadville and the 

 Conneaut Lake ; total length, 46 miles. The Beaver Branch, from the Ohio to Newcastle on 

 the Shenango, is 30 miles long. 



Receipts from the Public Works in 1835, 1836, and 1837. 



Canal and railroad tolls, 

 For motive power. 



Totals 



1835. 



597,631 

 86,726 



684,357 



1S3G. 

 $ 670,760 

 ' 165,171 



835,931 



1837. 

 , 660,595 

 185,915 



846, 51o 



* Adams 



Crawford 



Alleghany 



Cumberland 



Armstrong 



Dauphin 



Beaver 



Delaware 



Bedford 



Erie 



Berks 



Fayette 



Bradford 



Franklin 



Bucks 



Greene 



Butler 



Huntingdon 



Cambria 



Indiana 



Centre 



Jefferson 



Chester 



Juniata 



Clearfield 



Lancaster 



ColumWa 





Lebanon 



Lehigh 



Luzerne 



Lycoming 



M'Kean 



Mercer 



Mifflin 



Monroe 



Montgomery 



Northumberland 



Northampton 



Perry 



Philadelphia 



Potter 

 Pike 



Schuylkill 



Somerset 



Susquehanna 



Tioga 



Union 



Venango 



Warren 



Washington 



Wayne 



Westmoreland 



York 



