2G2 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



The canals executed by companies are as follows : The tMaJioning or Pennsylvania and 

 Ohio Canal^ connecting the Beaver division of the Pennsylvania works with the Ohio Canal at 

 Akron, and the Sandy and Beaver Canal, connecting the same works through the valleys of 

 the Little Beaver and Sandy rivers, are principally in Ohio. The Lackaicaxen Canal, 

 extending from the Delaware, at the mouth of the river of that name, to Honesdale, 25 miles, is 

 a continuation of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, and is itself connected with the Lackawanna 

 coal-field by the Caibondale Railroad, I6h miles in length. The Lehigh Jfavigation consists 

 of a series of canals and slack-water pools, produced by dams ; length of the works to White- 

 haven, 66 miles. The Mauch Chunk, Room Run, and Beaver Jlleadoiv railroads, connect 

 this work'with the first and second coal-fields. The Delaware division of the Pennsylvania 

 Canal, and the Morris Canal through New Jersey, continue the navigation to Philadelphia and 

 New York ; tolls received in the first half of the year 1S37 (to August 1st), 85,000 dollars. 

 In a portion of this work the locks have a lift of from 20 to 30 feet, and are passed in the 

 same time as locks of the ordinary lift ; there are 29 locks of this construction, equivalent to 

 75 locks of 8 feet lift, making a saving of 4 hours in the distance of 20 miles. The lower 

 portion of the work, executed at a cost of 1,500,000 dollars, comprises 9 dams and 54 locks, 

 with a rise of 365 feet ; width, 60 feet ; depth, 5 feet. The Schuylkill JYavigation is of a 

 tsimilar character to the Lehigh, and it connects the central fiart of the first coal-field with tide- 

 water at Philadelphia ; length, 108 miles, 36 feet wide at top, and 3^ feet deep ; 129 locks, 

 with a rise of 610 feet; 34 dams ; and a tunnel 385 feet in length. The coal in 1836 was 

 brought to the canal by the following railroads : 



Tons. 



Danville and Pottsville (from Girard mines in second field), . . . 13,347 



Mount Carbon (8 miles through Pottsville), 122,892 



Schuylkill Valley (from Port Carbon to Tuscarora, with branches, 25 miles), 55,921 

 Mill Creek (from Port Carbon up ]Mill Creek, with branches, 7 miles), . 66,583 

 Little Schuylkill (Port Clinton to Tamaqua, 23 miles), . . . 35,159 

 West Branch (Schuylkill Haven to Nine Hill Gap, with branches, 20 miles), 1 15,992 

 Other sources, 49,890 



Total, . . 449,784 



The Union Canal connects the Schuylkill at Reading with the Susquehanna at Middletown, 

 82 miles ; 93 lift and 2 guard-locks, with a lockage of 520 feet, 14 aqueducts, 1 tunnel 730 

 feet in length ; breadth at top, 36 feet ; depth, 4 feet. It affords, with the Schuylkill and the 

 Pennsylvania Canals, an uninterrupted navigation from Philadelphia to the Lackawanna, Farrands- 

 ville, and Holidaysburg. A navigable feeder runs up the Swatara to Pine Grove, 23 miles, 

 whence there is a railroad 4 miles in length to the coal mines of the first coal-field. The 

 Conestoga J^avigation extends from Lancaster to the Susquehanna, 18 miles, and the Codorus 

 JVavigation from York to the same river, 1 1 miles. The Susquehanna Canal, extending from 

 Columbia down the river to Port Deposit, connects the great works above with the Chesapeake 

 Bay ; length, 40 miles. The JVescopeck Canal is designed to connect the Lehigh Canal 

 at Whitehaven with the State vv-orks by the valley of the Nescopeck, and the Bald Eagle JVavi- 

 gation, 25 miles, facilitates access to the great iron and coal deposits of that region. 



3. Railroads. The principal railroads, exclusive of those made by the State, and those in 

 the coal region, which have been above enumerated, are as follows : The Philadelphia and 

 Trenton Railroad, connecting those two cities, 26 miles in length, forms a link in the 

 continuous line of railroad from Washington to New York. The Philadelphia and fVilming- 

 ton Railroad, of which 17 miles is within this State, makes the southern continuation of this 

 line. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad runs up the valley of the Schuylkill 56 miles ; 

 there is a tunnel cut through the solid rock 1,932 feet in length, 19 feet wide, and 17 high. 

 A continuation of this road extends to Port Chnton, 20 miles, and from that point the Little 

 Schuylkill Railroad extends 20 miles to Tamaqua. From Tamaqua, the Susquehanna and 

 Little Schuylkill Railroad extends to Catawissa on the former river, 38 miles. The Central 

 or Dansville and Pottsville Railroad, from Pottsville to Sunbury, is 44i miles long, with a 

 branch to Danville, 7 miles in length ; on this road there are several self-acting planes, and a 

 tunnel 800 feet in length. The Lancaster and Plarrisburg Railroad leaves the Columbia rail- 

 road near Lancaster, and extends to Harrisburg, 37 miles. The Westchester Railroad con- 

 nects that village with the Columbia Railroad, and is 9 miles long. The Cumberland Valley 



