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SOUTHERN STATES. 



rations for the emigration. His son obtained the grant of the territory designed foi his father, and 

 gave it the name of Maryland, in honor of Henrietta Maria, the Queen of Charles the First. 

 He appointed his brother, Leonard Calvert, governor of the colony, who set sail in 1633, with 

 200 settlers, principally Catholics. They purchased land of the Indians, and formed a settle- 

 ment at St. Mary's, on the Potomac. The colony was increased by refugees from Virginia, 

 and the other neighboring territories, who were attracted by the toleration here given to all re- 

 ligions, and it began to flourish, but was scon disturbed by Indian wars and rebellions. The 

 Catholics were tolerant to other sects, but soon found themselves outnumbered, and became 

 subject to the persecution which they had fled from at home. These troubles, however, were 

 allayed at the restoration of Charles the Second, in 1660. At the revolution of 1688, the 

 charter of the colony was set aside, and the government assumed by the crown ; but in 1716, 

 the proprietor was restored to his rights. At the beginning of the American Revolution, the 

 authority fell into the hands of the people. The existing constitution was formed in 1776, but 

 was modified in 1833. 



CHAPTER XVII. GENERAL VIEW OF THE SOUTHERN STATES. 



Cotton Plant. 



1. Boundaries and Extent. The seven States next to be described, viz. Virginia, North 

 Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, are known by the 



feneral designation of the Southern States. Their boundaries, including the Territory of 

 'lorida, may be described, in general terms, as the Potomac, the Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, 

 the Mississippi, the Sabine, and the State of Tenessee ; lying between 25° and 40° 30' N. lat., 

 and extending from 75° to 94° 30' W. Ion., with an area of 412,000 square miles, and a popu- 

 lation of 5,000,000, comprising 2,000,000 slaves. 



2. Mountains. The mountainous parts lie chiefly in the north, and these are mostly in 

 Virginia. South of Virginia, the mountains form the northwestern limit of these States, and 

 disappear in the northern part of Alabama. 



3. Rivers. Most of the rivers flow through a level country. Their currents are sluggish, 

 and their mouths generally barred with sand. With the exception of the streams in the western 

 part of Virginia, which flow westward into the upper portion of the Missisippi valley, all the 



