VIRGINIA. 297 



Population at different periods. 





Whites. 



Slaves. 



Free Colored. 



Total Colored. 



Total Pop. 



1790, 



442,115 



293,427 



12,766 



306,193 



748,308 



18U0, . 



514,280 



345,790 



20,124 



365,920 



880,200 



1810, 



551,534 



392,518 



30,570 



423,088 



974,622 



1820, . 



603,074 



425,153 



37,139 



462,292 



1,065,366 



1830, 



094,300 



409,757 



47,348 



517,105 



1,211,405 



1840, . 













2. Cities and Towns. Richmond, the capital, stands on the north side of the James River, 

 at its lower falls, and at the head of tide water. The town rises gradually from the water, and 

 has a fine, picturesque appearance. The western division occupies an eminence called Shockoe 

 Hill, overlooking the lower town. The capitol is built upon the highest summit, and has a de- 

 lightful and commanding prospect. Two bridges cross the river to Manchester, on the oppo- 

 site bank. Most of the houses are of brick, and many are elegant. The public buildings, be- 

 side the capitol, which is an elegant structure, are a court-house, a city hall, a State prison, 16 

 churches, the State armory, in which are manufactured 4 or 5,000 muskets and rifles annually, 

 &c. The James River Canal here empties into a basin containing a surface of two acres. 

 There is a boat navigation for 220 miles on the river, above the city. Richmond has a very 

 flourishing trade, both inland and by sea, and enjoys extraordinary advantages by communication 

 with a rich and well cultivated back country, abounding in tobacco, grain, hemp, lumber, iron, 

 coal, &c. The annual value of its foreign exports is about 3,000,000 dollars ; that of its coast- 

 wise exports, probably exceeds that amount. The falls in the river afTord an almost unlimited 

 power, which is pretty largely applied to economical purposes. There are here 10 flour and 

 grist mills, several iron-founderies and rolling-mills, cotton-mills, tobacco-factories, &c. About 

 800,000 bushels of wheat are ground here annually, and the Richmond flour bears a high price 

 in foreign markets. The city is supplied with water from the river, by waterworks. Popula- 

 tion, 20,000. 



JVorfolk, once the greatest commercial town, stands on an excellent harbor, at the outlet ol 

 the James River, where a branch called Elizabeth River joins the main stream. The town is 

 built on low ground, and tlie land in the neighborhood is marshy. The principal streets are 

 well paved and clean, but the others are less commodious, and more irregular. The buildings 

 are not distinguished for elegance, but some of the churches are neatly built. Here are a the- 

 atre, an athenaeum, a marine hospital, &c. The harbor is a mile wide, and strongly defended, 

 and is 8 miles from Hampton Roads. At Gosport, in Portsmouth, on the opposite bank of 

 Elizabeth River, is a navy-yard of the United States, with a dry dock. Population of Nor- 

 folk, 9,800. Portsmouth has a pleasant situation, and is regularly built. 



Petersburg stands on the south bank of the Appomattox, 12 miles above its junction with 



Dinwiddle 



Elizabeth City 



Essex 



Fairfax 



Fauquier 



Fluvanna 



Franklin 



Gloucester 



Goochland 



Greenville 



Halifax 



Hanover 



Henrico 



Henry 



Isle of Wight 

 James City 

 King and Queen 

 King George 

 King William 

 Lancaster 

 Loudon 

 Louisa 

 Lunenburg 

 Madison 

 Matthews 

 Mecklenburg 



Middlesex 



Nansemond 



Nelson 



New Kent 



Norfolk 



Northampton 



Northumberland 



Nottoway 



Orange 



Patrick 



Pittsylvania 



Powhatan 



Prince Edward 



Prince George 



Prince William 



Princess Anne 



Rappahannock 



Richmond 



Southampton 



Spottsylvania 



Stafford 



Surrey 



Sussex 



Warwick 



Westmoreland 



York 



38 



Western District. 



Alleghany 



Augusta 



Bath 



Berkely 



Botetourt 



Braxton 



Brooke 



Cabell 



Clarke 



Fayette 



Floyd 



Frederick 



Giles 



Grayson 



Greenbriar 



Harrison 



Hampshire 



Hardy 



JacksoD 



Jefferson 



Kanawha 



Lee 



Lewis 



Logan 



Marshall 



Mason 



Mercer 



Monongalia 



Monroe 



Montgomery 



Morgan 



Nicholas 



Ohio 



Page 



Pendleton 



Pocahontas 



Preston 



Randolph 



Rockbridge 



Rockingham 



Russel 



Scott 



Shenandoah 



Smyth 



Tazewell 



Tyler 



Warren 



Washington 



Wood 



Wythe 



