NORTH CAROLINA. 



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4. Manufactures. ManufacUires can hardly be said to exist, except in the shape of house- 

 hold industry ; but during the last few years, several large cotton-mills have been erected, and 

 carried on successfully, and there are a few paper-mills in the State. 



5. Commerce. The dangers of the coast, and the want of good harbors, as well as the de- 

 ficiency in channels of transportation, carry a great proportion of the trade of North Carolina to 

 Virginia, South Carolina, and Tennessee, and we have no means of estimating its amount. 

 The pine forests of North Carolina, which cover nearly the whole of the eastern part of the 

 State, yield not only much lumber for exportation, but also nearly all the resinous matter used in 

 ship-building in this country. The resinous products are turpentine, scrapings, spirits of tur- 

 pentine, rosin, tar, and pitch ; turpentine is merely the sap of the tree, obtained by making an 

 incision in the bark ; the turpentine flows out in drops, which fall into a box placed to receive 

 them ; the incisions are generally made about the middle of March, and the flow of turpentine 

 usually ceases about the end of October ; the boxes are emptied 5 or 6 times in the course of 

 the year ; on an average, 40 trees will yield a barrel of turpentine, and about a third of that 

 amount of scrapings, or that part of the sap which becomes hard before it reaches the box. 

 Oil or spirits of turpentine is made by distillation, during which process, the oil comes over, 

 and leaves a residuum called rosin. Tar is made by burning billets of pine under a heavy cov- 

 ering of turf or earth ; a slow combustion without flame is thus caused, and the tar which ex- 

 udes is collected, by means of a trench, into a cavity dug in the ground for the purpose. The 



'tar of the north of Europe is preferred in Europe to that of the United States, as it is much 

 cleaner, better packed, and made from trees recently felled. Pitch is obtained from tar, by 

 boiling it down to dryness. The lumber furnished by this vast forest, includes ship-timber, 

 shingles, staves, &c. 



6. Canals and Railroads. Little has hitherto been done in this State towards extending 

 the facilities for transportation, although the most important productions are of a bulky nature, 

 requiring cheap and eas)^ modes of conveyance, and the character of the country offers many 

 advantages for canalisation. The Dismal Swamp Canal lies partly in this State, and the Jforth- 

 west Canal, a branch of that work, is wholly within its limits ; much of the trade of the north- 

 eastern counties takes this channel. The Clubfoot and Harlow Canal is a short work extend- 

 mg from the Neuse to the harbor of Beaufort, and there are several short cuts round falls or 

 shoals in the Roanoke, Tar, Cape Fear, and Yadkin. The Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad, 

 terminating at Weldon, the Petersburg and Roanoke Railroad, terminating at Blakely, and the 

 Greensville Railroad, extending from Bellfield, in Virginia, to Gaston, are Virginia works, and 

 tend to divert the trade of the northern counties to the Virginia marts. The Wilmington and 

 Raleigh Railroad extends from the former place, by Wanesboro, and near Nashville and En- 

 field, through Halifax, to Weldon, 170 miles. A hne of steamboats from Wilmington to 

 Charleston, 150 miles, is connected with this route, which thus forms a link in the great chain 

 of works from Maine to the Gulf of Mexico. The Raleigh and Gaston Railroad, from the 

 capital to the Roanoke, is 85 miles long. 



7. Government. The legislature is styled the General Assembly, and consists of a Senate 

 of 50, and a House of Commons of 120 members. The Governor is chosen biennially by the 

 people. Voters for senators must be freeholders. The clergy are excluded from the legisla- 

 ture. The State sends 13 representatives to Congress. 



S. Religion. No person who denies the being of a God, or the truth of the Christian reli- 

 gion, or the divine authority of the Old and New Testament, or who holds religious principles 

 incompatible with the freedom or safety of the State, can hold any office or place of trust or 

 profit in the civil department, within the State. The Methodists number upwards of 20,000 

 communicants ; the Baptists, nearly the same number ; and the Presbyterians, 11,000. The 

 less numerous sects are the Episcopahans, who have 1 bishop and 20 ministers ; the Luther- 

 ans, with 40 societies and 2,000 communicants ; the Moravians, or United Brethren, with 4 

 congregations ; some Roman Catholics, Friends, &c. 



9. Education. The University of JVorth Carolina, at Chapel Hill, was founded in 1791. 

 It has 9 instructers, and 140 students. Its libraries have about 5,000 volumes. Davidson 

 College, in Mecklenburg county, was founded in 1837. The State has a literary fund, but its 

 income has not yet been applied to the purposes of education. 



10. History. This State was visited by persons sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh, in 1584, 

 who landed and traded with the natives at Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds. The next year, a 

 settlement was attempted on the island of Roanoke, in Albemarle Sound, but after two or three 



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