344 



TENNESSEE. 

 Population at different Periods. 



1790, 

 1800, 

 1810, 

 1820, 

 1830, 

 1840, 



Whites. 



32,013 

 91,709 

 215,875 

 339,727 

 535,74(3 



Slaves. 



3,417 

 13,584 

 44,535 

 8((,107 

 141,fi03 



Free Colored. 



361 

 309 

 1,317 

 2.979 



4, .555 



Total Pop. 



35,791 

 105,G()2 

 261,727 

 422,813 

 681,904 



2. Towns. The city of JSI^ashville, in Wesl Tennessee, is the largest town in the State, 

 and the seat of government. It stands on the south bank of Cumberland River, in a pleasant 

 situation, near some high bluff's, and is much frequented during the hot months, by the inhabi- 

 tants of the lower country. The river is navigable by steamboats to this place. The emi- 

 nences, rising wnh a gentle inclination, afford many agreeable seats for the elegant mansions of 

 the opulent citizens. The houses are generally neat and tasteful, and among the public build- 

 ings are the court-house, lunatic asylum, a penitentiary conducted on the Auburn system, 6 

 churches, the halls of Nashville University, academy, &c. The trade and business are exten- 

 sive ; there are about 15 steamboats employed on the river, beside great numbers of keel-boats 

 and flat boats ; and among the manufacturing establishments are several brass and iron founde- 

 ries, rolling-mills, tanneries, &c. Population, 8,000. The inhabitants of Nashville are favo- 

 rably distinguished for their intelligence and refinement, and its educational institutions are nu- 

 merous and well supported. The Hermitage, the plantation of ex-president Jackson, is about 

 12 miles above Nashville. Gallatin., higher up the valley of the Cumberland, and Clarksville, 

 on the river below, are flourishing villages. 



Knoxville is the chief town of East Tennessee. It is situated on the Holston, and is a 

 tnr'ving place, with some trade. Knoxville was formerly the capital of the State, and it con- 

 tains the halls of East Tennessee College. Population, 2-000. Jllurfreesborough, in West 

 Tennessee, was formerly the seat of government for the State ; the country around it is fertile, 

 but it is a small town. Columbia, on Duck River, is a busy and flourishing village, with 1,500 

 inhabitants. JMemphis has a fine situation near the site of old Fort Pickering, on the Missis- 

 sippi, at a point where the great western road strikes the river. It is a new settlement, but is 

 a growing place. Population, 2,000. 



3. Jlgriculture. Agriculture forms almost the sole occupation of the inhabitants of Tennes- 

 see. A large proportion of the land is productive, and many of the valleys of East Tennessee, 

 and much of the middle and western sections, are eminently fertile. Indian corn and cotton 

 are the staples of the State, and a good deal of tobacco, hemp, and wheat are raised. Cotton 

 thrives in almost every part except in the northeastern triangular section, and the crop is about 

 150,000 bales ; but the climate of Tennessee is not so well adapted for this plant as that of the 

 States south of the 35th parallel of latitude ; the new lands of the western part have, however, 

 been chiefly devoted to this crop ; the tobacco crop is about 5,000 hogsheads. In East Ten- 

 nessee, grazing is much attended to, and great numbers of live stock are driven out of the State, 

 to the eastern markets. 



4. Commerce. The pine forests of the eastern section ot the country, affbrd tar, spirits of 

 turpentine, rosin, and lampblack ; these, with whisky, coarse linens, cotton bagging, live 

 stock, pork, bacon, lard, butter, saltpetre, gunpowder, flour, coal, fruits, cotton, maize, and 

 tobacco, constitute the exports of Tennessee. Estimated value of the exports, 8,000,000 dol- 

 lars. The estimated value of real property in the State, is 150,000,000 dollars. 



5. Railroads. The central part of the State transports its surplus productions and its im- 



Maury 



Tipton 



Bradley 



McMinn 



jVIcNairy 



' Warren 



Campbell 



Marion 



Montgomery 



Wayne 



Carter 



; Meigs 



Obion 



Weakley 



Claiborne 



Monroe 



Overton 



White 



Cocke 



Morgan 



Perry 



Williamson 



Grainger 



Powell 



Robertson 



Wilson 



Greene 



Rhea 



Rutherford 



East Tennessee 



Hamilton 



Roane 



Shplby 



Hawkins 



Sevier 



Smith 



Anderson 



Jefferson ' 



Sullivan 



Sumner 



Bledsoe 



Johnson 



Washington 



Stewart 



Blount 



Knox 



