552 



OHIO. 



scattered trees, and now and then a small grove. Some of them are marshy, and the moro 

 elevated are called barrens., yet they have often a tolerably fertile soil. The eastern and the 

 southeastern parts are the most hilly ; but hardly any portion of the surface is sufficiently bro- 

 ken to be unfavorable to tillage. The marshy tracts in the north, have an excellent soil, and 

 may be easily drained when all the other good land in the State is occupied. On the whole, 

 Ohio may be regarded as one of the most fertile countries in the world. 



6. Geology. We have as yet had no complete account of the geological formations of this 

 region. Its strata are in general but little disturbed, though upliftings or downthrows are occa 

 sionally manifest ; but they are much cut through and worn away by the action of some mighty 

 flood or floods. The surface is often strewn with numerous boulders of primary rock, so stri- 

 kingly differing from the rock in place, as to have attracted the notice of the people, by whom 

 they are called "lost rocks." The rocks of the southeastern part evidently belong to the car 

 boniferous group, forming a continuation of the great deposits of western Pennsylvania and Vir- 

 ginia, and northeastern Kentucky. This series of sandstones, clay slates, and limestones, full 

 of treasures of coal, salt, and iron-ore, appears to be terminated, toward the west, by a line 

 drawn northwardly from the mouth of the Scioto, by Newark, towards the head of the Tusca- 

 rawas, and thence curving round to the east. The rest of the State seems to belong to the 

 older or transition formations, although it has been represented to comprise extensive tertiary 

 deposits. 



7. J^atural Productions. The forests produce black walnut, various species of oaks, hick- 

 ory, sugar-maple, and several other sorts of maple, beech, birch, poplar, ash, sycamore, paw- 

 paw, buckeye, cherry, dogwood, elm, hornbeam, &c. With the exception of a few cypress 

 trees, this State j)roduces hardly any evergreens. Many sorts of medicinal roots are to be 

 found here, as ginseng, valerian, columbo, snakeroot, and bloodroot. 



8. Minerals. Coal is abundant in the eastern parts, as also iron ; but there are few mines. 

 Marble is plentiful, and salt springs are common, which furnish water nearly as strong as that 

 of the sea. Near the falls of the Little Miami, are the Yellow Springs, the waters of which 

 are a strong chalybeatj, and in considerable esteem for their medicinal qualities. The Dela- 

 ware White Sulphur Springs have the same properties as the famous White Sulphur of 

 Virginia. 



9. Face of the Country. This State is remarkably level, and altogether free from moun- 

 tains. Jn the southeast, along the Ohio, are many low hills. It is remarkable, that the highest 

 lands in the State, between the great rivers, are by far the most wet and marshy, while the 

 driest tracts are along the banks of the rivers. In a general appearance, the country exhibits a 

 great proportion of unbroken forest, here and there checkered with farms. 



POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



1. Divisions. Ohio is divided into 76 counties.* 



Population at different Periods. 



IBv/O, 



45,365 



1830, 



1810, 



230,760 



1840, . 



1820, 



581,434 





* Adams 



Fairfield 



I<awrence 



Allen 



Fayette 



Licking 



Ashtabula 



Franklin 



Lorain 



Athens 



Gallia 



Logan 



Belmont 



Geauga 



Lucas 



Brown 



Green 



Madiaon 



Butler 



Guernsey 



Marion 



Carroll 



Harden 



Medina 



Champaign 



Hamilton 



Meigs 



Clark 



Hancock 



Mercer 



Clermont 



Harrison 



Miami 



('linton 



Henry 



Monroe 



Columbiana 



Highland 



Montgomery 



Coschocton 



Hocking 



Morgan 



Crawford 



Holmes 



Muskingum 



Cuyahoga 



Huron . . . , 



Paulding 



Dark 



Jackson 



Perry 



Delaware 



Jefferson 



Pickaway 



Erie 



Knos 



Pike 



937,903 



Portage 



Preble 



Putnam 



Richland 



Ross 



Sandusky 



Scioto 



Seneca 



Shelbv 



Stark' 



Trumbull 



Tuscarawas 



Union 



Van Wert 



Warren 



Washington 



Wayne 



Williams 



Wood 



