354 



OHIO. 



cinnati College, &c. There are 30 newspapers and other periodicals published here, and 20 

 pubUc or free schools are attended by 2,000 pupils. The manufactures are extensive and va- 

 rious, including iron-ware, machinery, paper, printed books, leather, furniture, &c. There are 

 upwards of 50 steam-engines at work in the city, and there have been made here in one year, 

 300 cotton-gins and sugar-mills, and 100 steam-engines ; the steamboat-yards are numerous, 

 and from 35 to 40 steamboats are built annually. The whole annual value of the manufactures 

 is about 12,000,000 dollars. The trade is very great, both on the river and the canal, and 

 large quantities of flour, pork, whisky, and manufactured articles are exported. Cincinnati is 

 the greatest pork market in the world, and upwards of 150,000 hogs are annually slaughtered 

 here. The markets of the city are well supplied, and are not surpassed for cheapness anywhere 

 in the country. Water is furnished from the river by steam machinery. Cincinnati occupies 

 the site of old Fort Washington, and the outlines of the city were marked in 17S9. The first 

 settlers were principally from New England and New .lersey. Since the peace of 1814, the 

 city has augmented with wonderful rapidity, and now contains a population of 40,000 souls. 



The city of Columbus, on the Scioto, is the seat of government. It is situated to the south- 

 west of the centre of the State, and occupies a pleasant acclivity. It was founded in 1812, in 

 the midst of a thick forest. It contains a State-house, penitentiary, an institution for the blind, 

 a lunatic hospital, and an asylum for the deaf and dumb, all established by the State. Popu- 

 lation, 5,000. 



Zanesville, on the Muskingum, a little below the falls of the river, contains many n)ills and 

 manufactories, including woolen and cotton mills, iron and brass founderies, paper and flour 

 mills, glass works, machine-shops, &c. Here are 2 bridges across the river. The great 

 national road, from Cumberland through the Western States, passes through this town. Popu- 

 lation, including the adjoining villages of " West Zanesville and Putnam, 7,000. 



Steubenville, on the Ohio, in the eastern part of the State, was founded in 1798, and incor- 

 porated as a city in 1805. It has manufactures of woolen, cotton, paper, iron founderies, tan- 

 neries, &c. and a flourishing commerce. Population, 4,000. Cliillicothc, on the Scioto, mid- 

 way between Columbus and the Ohio, was formerly the seat of government. The situation is 

 pleasant, and the plan of the town is regular. In the centre stood a huge Indian mound, which 

 was demolished, and the site converted into building lots. Considerable manufacturing is car- 

 ried on here, and its trade, by the canal, is extensive. Population, 4,000. Dayton, on the 

 Great Miami, at the junction of the canal with that river, is a flourishing place with many facto- 

 ries and mills. Population, 3,800. Marietta, at the mouth of the Muskingum, has a beautiful 

 situation, and is the oldest town in the State ; it was settled in 1788, but is not at present a 

 flourishing place. Some of the streets of the town are annually flooded by the river. Popu- 

 lation, 1,500. Circleville, on the Scioto, below Columbus, is built on the site of an ancient 

 circular fortification. It is surrounded by a fertile country, and the Ohio canal passes by the 

 town. Population, 2,000. 



Cleveland, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, is the most important of the lake ports in Ohio. 

 It stands on a high plain, the streets are regular and spacious, and the harbor is commodious 

 and safe, protected by stone jetties about 1,200 feet in length. Here is also the spacious canal 

 basin of the Ohio canal. The city has grown in population, trade, and wealth, with surprising 

 rapidity ; its population is 6,G00, or, including the village of Ohio City, 8,600 ; the exports 

 exceed, in value, 3| millions annually. This part of Ohio is called New Connecticut, or the 

 Western Reserve, because it was reserved by Connecticut, when that State ceded to the gene- 

 ral government her claims to the western lands. Huron, JVoricalk, and Sandusky City, are 

 also flourishing towns in this section. Toledo, on Maumee Bay, is a growing place in a very 

 -jommanding situation, being at the common outlet of 2 great canals into the lake. Population, 

 2,500. Portsmouth, at the southern terminus of the Ohio canal, Jlthens, on the Hocking, and 

 Hamilton, on the Miami, are likewise flourishing towns, with about the same number of inhabi- 

 tants. 



5. Agriculture. Maize is the chief article of culture, and in some parts 110 bushels have 

 l/een raised upon an acre ; though 50 bushels may be considered an average crop. The soil 

 is well fitted for wheat, rye, barley, oats, spelt, and buckwheat, all which are cultivated. Fruits 

 are abundant, and the soil is thought to be the best for garden vegetables of any in the western 

 country. Tobacco has been lately introduced. Hemp is cultivated in some parts. Swine 

 are one of the staple productions, and the farmers having lately turned their attention to sheep- 



