OHIO. 



355 



breeding, wool has become an important item. The number of sheep owned in the State 

 exceeds 2,000,000. Tlie number of horned cattle is about 500,000. 



6. Commerce. The advantages for trade which are secured by the local position of this 

 State may be perceived by glancing at the map. 'i'he Oliio ali'ords it a direct intercourse with 

 all the country in the valley of the Mississippi ; wliile, by means of Lake Erie on the north, 

 it communicates with Canada and New York. The Ohio canal completes a line of internal 

 navigation from New York to New Orleans, through this State. Ohio enjoys the most active 

 commerce of all the Western States. The northern and eastern countries export to Montreal 

 and New York by the lake, great quantities of agricultural produce. But the chief of the ex- 

 Dorts are to New Orleans. The articles are flour, grain, pork, bacon, lard, whisky, horses, 

 cattle, and manufactures. 



7. JManuJaclurcs. The domestic fabrics are considerable, and there are some large manu- 

 factories of woolen, cotton, paper, &c., at places already indicated. The manufacture of steam 

 machinery, and other articles from iron, is considerable. To these may be added linseed and 

 castor oil, whisky, cabinet furniture, salt, glass, hats, &c. 



8. Government. The legislature is called the General Assembly, and consists of a Senate 

 and House of Representatives. The senators are chosen for 2 years, and the representatives 

 for one. The Governor is chosen for 2 years. Sufiiage is universal, and elections are popu- 

 lar. Ohio sends 19 representatives to Congress. 



9. Religion. The Presbyterians have 230 ministers ; the Baptists, 170 ; the jMethodists, 

 200 ; the Lutherans, GO ; the Associate Presbyterians, 10 ; the Associate Reformed, 25 ; the 

 German Reformed, 30 ; the Episcopalians, 25 ; the Swedenborgians, 4 ; there are also some 

 Catholics, Unitarians, Universalists, Quakers, and Shakers. The singular sect known as Lat- 

 ter Day Saints or Mormons, have a Mormon Temple at Kirkland. 



10. Education. The University of Ohio., at Athens, was founded in 1802 ; it has G in 

 structers, and 50 students. J\Iiami University., at Oxford, was established in 1824. It has 11 

 instructers, and 90 students. The Western Reserve College, at Hudson, was established in 

 1826. It has 8 instructers, and 50 students. Kenyon College, at Ganibier, was established in 

 1828. It has 6 instructers, and 150 students. Franklin College, at New Athens, was estab- 

 lished in 1824. It has 6 instructers, and 80 students. The Granville College, at Granville, the 

 Marietta College, at Marietta, the Cincinnati College, at Cincinnati, are also among the higher 

 seminaries. The last named has 8 teachers, and 90 students. Common schools were establish- 

 ed by the legislature in 1825. The University of Ohio is endowed with 2 tow-nships of land, 

 and the Miami University with 1. There are about 20 incorporated academies in the State, 

 but few of them have any permanent funds for their support, and they are not all in constant 

 operation. 



11. History. This State was first settled under the auspices of a company of revolution- 

 ary officers and soldiers, called the Ohio Company, to whom the continental Congress made 

 a grant of a million and a half acres of land, to the northwest of the Ohio. This company 

 was organized at Boston, in March, 1786. The first permanent settlement was made by a 

 band of 47 emigrants from the counties of Essex and Middlesex in Massachusetts, and the 

 States of Rhode Island and Connecticut. These persons founded Marietta on the 7th of 

 April, 1788. Another settlement was made the following year at Columbia on the Ohio, 6 

 miles above the spot where Cincinnati now stands, by a company from New lork. New Jer- 

 sey, and Pennsylvania. A number of French emigrants settled at Clallipolls in 1791. A 

 territorial government was established by Congress over this region in 1781, under the title of 

 the Territory Northwest of the Ohio. The country was much annoyed by Indian hostilities, 

 and after the disastrous campaign of General St. Clair, many of the inhabitants removed to Ken- 

 tucky. But the savages were effectually subdued by General Wayne, in 1795, and from this 

 period may be dated that unexampled prosperity which has distinguished Ohio among all the 

 Western States. The fame of this region, for richness of soil and amenity of climate, drew 

 multitudes of adventurers from the Atlantic country, and in 1802 it was erected into a State, 

 and admitted into the Union. It has continued progressively to advance in population, wealth, 

 and industry, and exhibits the most striking instance of the rapid progress of social improve- 

 ment, which any age or country can boast. 



