358 



INDIANA. 



though now decayed. It was settled in 1804, by the Germans, under Rapp, who subsequent 

 ly sold the establishment, and removed to Economy, in Pennsylvania, as we have related at 

 page 267. The lands and village of Harmony were purchased by Robert Owen of New Lan- 

 ark, in Scotland, who attempted to establish here a community upon the co-operative system, 

 but this has been abandoned. 



Lawrenceburg on the Ohio, just below the mouth of the Miami, has an advantageous situa- 

 tion for trade, and is in a prosperous condition. Population, 1,800. Evansville derives im- 

 portance from its being the southern terminus of the great series of canals, now constructing 

 across the whole length of the State. Terre Haute is a new and flourishing village, which 

 takes its name from its situation on an elevated bank of the Wabash. Logansport and Lafayette 

 are the most important towns higher up. Fort JVayne^ at the head of the INIaurnee, and at 

 the junction of the Wabash and Erie Canal with that river, has been created by that work. 

 These towns have from 1,800 to 2,000 inhabitants. On Lake Michigan, the only town of 

 importance is Michigan City, which has grown up In the wilderness within a few years ; it 

 stands at the end of the Nortliern Canal, and its trade, already considerable, will be much in- 

 creased by the completion of that work. Population, 2,500. 



3. Canals. Lidiana has adopted a system of canals, embracing all of the great rivers of the 

 State, which become unserviceable by the lowness of the water during a part of the year. In 

 1S36 the legislature directed the execution of a series of works, and authorized the raising of 

 a loan of 10,000,000 dollars, for that object. The fVabash and Eric Canal, one of the most 

 important of the great works in the country, extends from Terre Haute to the intersection of 

 the Ohio line by the Maumee, whence it is continued to Maumee Bay, by the State of Ohio ; 

 length of the Indiana section, 195 miles; of the Ohio section, 87 miles. The Central Canal, 

 from Indianapolis down the valley of the White River to Petersburg, and thence by the Big 

 Pigeon Creek to Evansville, 190 miles, is m progress ; the northern prolongation of this canal 

 will extend from Indianapolis to a ])oint on the Wabash and Erie Canal near Peru, a distance 

 of about 120 miles. The Cross Cut Canal extends from Terre Haute to the Central Canal, 

 near the mouth of Eel River, 40 miles, and renders the communication between the Ohio and 

 Lake Erie complete, should the northern section of the Central Canal not be executed. The 

 fVhitewater Canal, in progress, will extend from Cambridge City on the National Road, down 

 the valley of the Whitewater River to Lawrenceburg, on the Ohio, 76 miles. In connexion 

 with Illinois, Indiana has also undertaken to remove the obstructions to the navigation of the 

 Wabash, above the mouth of the White River ; the bed of the river is here filled with rocks, 

 bars, and islands, rendering the channel crooked and intricate, and at low water too shallow to 

 be passed even by the river boats. The jYorthern Canal will extend from Michigan City, on 

 Lake Michigan, through Valparaiso, South Bend, and Elkhart, to Fort Wayne, on the Wa- 

 bash and Erie Canal, 160 miles. 



4. Railroads, ^-c. In connexion with these lines of canals, the State has also undertaken 

 the construction of several great overland routes of intercommunication, consisting in part of 

 roads made on the principle of Macadam, and in part of railroads, and has given its aid to some 

 private undertakings. The JWadison and Lafayette Railroad, from Madison on the Ohio, 

 through Indianapolis and Crawfordsville, to Lafayette on the Wabash Canal, 160 miles, and 

 the Jeffersonville and Indianapolis Railroad, from the Ohio at the former place, to intersect the 

 Madison road, at Columbus, are in progress. The portion of the road between Indianapolis 

 and Lafayette is constructing on Macadam's plan. From New Albany to Vincennes, the State 

 is also constructing a Macadamised road 104 miles long. The Laxorcncehurg and Indianapo- 

 lis Railroad is in process of construction by a company, which has received assistance from 

 the State ; length 90 miles. The Michigan and Laporte Railroad extends from Michigan 

 City to Laporte, 12 miles, and is to be continued to Southbend, on the St. Joseph's, 28 miles 

 further. 



5. Agriculture, Sfc. The industry of this State is almost exclusively agricultural ; beef, 

 pork, bacon, cattle, horses, swine, wheat, Indian corn, hemp, tobacco, &c., are largely ex- 

 ported, but we have no data for estimating the total amount produced, or the surplus for ex- 

 portation. Ginseng, bees'-wax, feathers, whisky, are also exported. Manufactures can 

 hardly be said to exist, except in the form of household cottons and woolens ; there are, how- 

 ever, some distilleries, a few iron-furnaces and salt-works, tan-yards, saw and grist mills, and 

 glass-works. The abundance of fuel and the inexhaustible water-falls of the streams, offer 

 great facilities for the establishment of manufactories, and rich stores of coal, iron-ore, salt- 



