372 



IOWA. 



Hudson's Bay , several of its brandies rise within a few liundred yards of the heads of tne 

 Mississippi, and one of them, the Mouse River^ has its sources within a mile of the Missouri. 

 The principal and most remote head of the Mississippi is Itasca Lake. The Corbeau or Crow 

 Wing, St. Peter's, Iowa, and Desmoines, are its principal tributaries in this Territory ; the 

 Penaca, Wabesipemecon, and Chacagua, are also considerable streams in the settled part of 

 the Territory. The Jacques or James, Sioux, J\"ishnebottona, and Chariton, are the most 

 important of those flowing into the Missouri. 



4. Divisions and Population. Iowa is divided into 22 counties,* and contains a population 

 of about 50,000 souls, exclusive of the Indians. The white population is all confined to a 

 comparatively small strip in the southeast. 



5. Towns. This country was purchased of the Sauks and Foxes in 1832 and 1837 ; the 

 cession of 1832, which was much the most extensive, being generally known as the Black Hawk 

 Purchase ; and, in addition to its mineral treasures and agricultural resources, it possesses, in its 

 central position on the Mississippi, rare facilities of water communication with the remotest 

 points of the north and the south, the east and west. Dubuque, in the mining district, finely 

 situated on a gently sloping prairie, contains a population of about 1,500 souls. Numerous 

 smelting-furnaces and a white-lead factory employ many of the inhabitants. A weekly news- 

 paper is printed in Dubuque, and there are here a bank and 3 churches. Davenport, opposite 

 Fort Armstrong, Bloomington, Burlington, and Madison, on the Mississippi, and Farmington 

 on the Dcs Moines, are the principal villages below. Burlington, the most important, has 

 about 3,000 inhabitants. The capital of the Territory is loica City, recently founded on the 

 river of the same name. 



6. JVative Tribes. The region between the Missouri on the west, and the Mississippi and 

 Red River on the east, is almost entirely occupied by the Sioux or Naudowessies, one of the 

 most numerous and powerful Indian nations in the United Slates. They call themselves Dahco- 

 tahs or Confederates, and the confederation consists of 7 bands or tribes, comprising about 

 25,000 persons, exclusive of the Assiniboins, a tribe of seceders, who reside mostly beyond 

 the American boundary. The Dahcotahs are a fierce and warlike race, the terror of their 

 neighbors ; dwelling in vast prairies, they live chiefly by the chase, and the bison affords them 

 at once a supply of food and a covering for their lodges ; they raise some maize, pumpkins, 

 and beans, and they employ the dog in carrying burdens ; like other prairie Indians, they have 

 also learned the use of the horse, and are bold and skilful riders. The Board of Foreign 

 Missions have stations on Lake Harriet and Lac qui Parle, v/ith 12 missionaries and teachers. 

 The Assiniboins or Stone Indians, call themselves Eascab, and are termed by the Dahcotahs, 

 with whom they are continually at war, Hohays or Rebels. South of the Sioux, between the 

 Des Moines and the Iowa, are the Sauks and Foxes, confederate tribes of the great Algonquin 

 stock, who have long been distinguished for their daring and restless spirit ; after having fought 

 their way from the shores of Lake Ontario to the INlississippi, they have been driven beyond 

 that river by the Chippewas, and more recently and effectually by the American troops. The 

 true name of the latter is Musquakiuk, but they are called Ottogamies by the other Algonquin 

 tribes, and received the name of Renards or Foxes, from the French. The number of both 

 tribes is about 4,500 souls. The lowas have mostly removed, with a band of Sauks, to the 

 Indian Territory ; they are reduced to a sort of dependence on the Sauks and Foxes. The 

 Winnebagoes have lately been removed from the tract between the Mississippi and Wisconsin 

 to the west side of the former, between the Sauks and Foxes and the Sioux ; their number is 

 about 4,500. They belong to the Sioux stock, and are called by the Canadians, Puants. In 

 the southwestern corner of the Territory are about 2,000 united Ottawas, Chippewas, and 

 Pottawattamies, who have been removed thither from Indiana and Michigan, and will soon be 

 joined by about 3,000 of their brethren from the same region. 



Fort Snelling, a United States military post, a few miles below the Falls of St. Anthony, 

 is the most remote northwestern port occupied by the troops of the confederacy. The Ameri- 

 can Fur Company have several factories and trading-houses in this country, and the little village 

 of Pembina, planted by Lord Selkirk, on the Reel River, is within the limits of the United 

 States. 



* Benton Des Moines Johnson Louisa 



Buclianan Dubuque Jones Muscatine 



Cedar Fayette " Keokuck Scott 



Clayton IJenry Lee Van Buren 



Clinton Jackson Linn Washington 



Delaware Jefferson 



