144 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



diffused all over the petals becomes concentrated into markings on the 

 edges or centre of the petals, which show a white or yellow ground colour. 

 The flower is now said to be broken or rectified, and remains in this state 

 for the rest of its existence, without reverting to the self-coloured con- 

 dition ; the offsets, also, by which it is increased, partake of the same 

 marked or broken character when they have grown to blooming size. 

 The cause of this extraordinary change, which is without parallel in the 

 floral world, cannot be explained, nor can any reason be assigned for the 

 "breaking" of a breeder in any particular year; we know that some 

 varieties break more easily than others, and that a change of situation, 

 particularly to a warm soil, is likely to induce breaking. The older florists 

 only esteemed the broken flowers, " conquests " as they were termed, 

 because of the long time that must elapse before new ones could be 

 acquired ; but for many years the breeder has been grown for its own 

 sake, and shown in separate classes. Both in the breeder and rectified 

 states Tulips are divided into three classes, called Bizarres, Bybloemen, 

 and Roses. 



In the Bizarres the ground colour is yellow, the markings— or in the 

 case of breeders the self-colour — range through all shades of brown from 

 scarlet to black. 



Both of the other two classes possess white grounds, but the marking 

 colour of the Bybloemen is purple, varying from dainty lavender to practi- 

 cally black ; while the Roses, as their name indicates, possess rose mark- 

 ings, of various shades of scarlet and crimson. There still exist varieties 

 with a white ground, and a marking colour indeterminate between 

 Bybloemen and Roses, deep crimson when the flower is young, and dull 

 purple as it ages ; but such kinds, however common in the past, are being 

 steadily eliminated. Every seedling raiser is aiming, among other things, 

 at getting as great a diversity as possible, not only between the classes, 

 but inside the limits of each class. Among Bizarres we want to work 

 towards scarlet markings on the one hand, and black on the other ; the 

 Roses must be made scarlet, and the Bybloemen as pure a purple or black 

 as can be. 



It has already been indicated that most Tulips exist both in a breeder 

 and in a " rectified " or marked state ; in this latter condition two styles 

 of marking are recognised and distinguished. In one case the marking 

 colour is confined solely to the edges of the petals, in which state the 

 flower is said to be " feathered " (see fig. 50). In the second or " flamed " 

 state the flower has a beam of colour up the centre of the petal, and 

 running off into the feathering, which it also possesses at the edges (see 

 fig. 51). As feathered and flamed flowers exist in each of the three 

 classes, we thus get a second tripartite division, making nine types of 

 flower in all : — 





Breeder 



Feathered 



Flamed 



Bizarre 



br. biz. 



fr. biz. 



fid. biz. 





br. byb. 



fr. byb. 



fid. byb. 



Roses 



br. rose 



fr. rose 



fid. rose 



