ABSTRACTS. 



313 



Fruit Trees, The Summer Pinching* of. By Alger Petts {Garden, 

 No. 1586, p. 235; 12/4/1902). — There is a great difference of opinion 

 upon the subject, while it is doubtful if many amateurs understand the 

 principles and also the practice of this operation, so important to the 

 fruit-grower. — E. T. C. 



Fruit Trees, Training' of. By George Bellair (Rev. Hort. pp. 129- 

 131 ; March 16, 1902). — Four woodcuts and an interesting article illus- 

 trating mode of pruning and treatment for trellis training on several 

 systems.— C. T. D. 



Fruit Trees, Reports on. By S. H. Fulton ( U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Mich., 

 State Agr. College, Hort. Dep., Bull. 194, December 1901). — A series of 

 notes on new varieties of fruit trees and bushes which have been tried on 

 the station grounds, with results also of experiments in remedies for some 

 of the diseases to which fruit trees are liable, as, for instance, that 1 oz. 

 of liver of sulphur to three gallons of water was used to prevent mildew 

 in Gooseberries, the first application being made on May 1, and followed 

 by others at intervals of ten days till the fruit ripened. 



A series of experiments in spraying Peach trees for leaf-curl with 

 copper sulphate solution in different strengths and at different dates 

 showed that it made no difference whether the trees were sprayed in 

 autumn or early spring, but spraying after April 26 was less and less 

 efficacious. The strength tests showed no difference in effect between 

 mixtures of 1 lb. copper sulphate to 200 gallons of water and 1 lb. sulphate 

 to 20 gallons. 



One year's experiments also showed no difference between trees pruned 

 in spring or autumn or early winter. The best English Gooseberries for 

 home and market are given as 'Chautauqua,' 'Columbus,' 'Keepsake,' 

 and 'Lancashire,' and the best American ones as 'Downing,' 'Pearl,' 

 and 'Red Jacket.' 'Cumberland' is said to be a new variety of Rasp- 

 berry, in all respects worthy of the high praise which has been given to it. 

 ' Garden Royal ' and ' Hubbardston ' are specially recommended among 

 Apples, and ' Paragon ' almost enthusiastically among Chestnuts. 

 ' Montreuil,' a little-known variety of Duke Cherry, is pronounced 

 unsurpassed for culinary purposes, while ' Tartarian ' among Bigarreaus 

 is mentioned as one of the most profitable market varieties grown. 



M. L. H 



Fruits and Seeds, Statistical Information concerning- the 

 Production Of, in certain Plants. By John W. Harshburger, Ph.D. 

 ■{Contr. Bot.Lab. Phil. ii. No. 1, p. 100; 1898).— Consists mainly of 

 tables showing the number of perfect fruits and of abortive fruits, in a 

 series of examinations on Ariscema triphyllum, Rhododendron nudi- 

 florum, Cornus Jiorida, Staphylea trifolia, Hibiscus Moscheutos, Xanthium 

 canadense, Yucca filamcntosa, and Pimpinella integerrima. 



The relative ratios established in these tables between the perfect and 

 abortive seeds and fruits give some idea as to the success of the act of 

 pollination and fertilisation. — M. C. C. 



Fumig-ation in Orchards and the San Jose Scale. By F. A. 



Sirrine (U.S.A. Exp. Stn., Few York, Bull. 209 ; December 1901).— It 



