ABSTRACTS. 



34£ 



form, about 6 inches in length, the heads in loose corymbs, nearly 

 2 inches across ; golden yellow. — G. H. 



Senecio praecox, Water Storage and Conduction in. By John 

 W. Harschberger, Ph.D. (Contr. Bot. Lab. Phil. vol. ii. No. 1, p. 31 ; 

 pis. 7, 8). — The anatomical peculiarities described show that as regards 

 the roots and the stem Senecio prcecox is well protected against the 

 dry season, and can lay up a store of water in the pith for use during the 

 period of drought. Hence the plant is well adapted to grow under the 

 condition of climate presented in the valley of Mexico. The Cacti of 

 Mexico and other succulents of that region secure immunity from drought 

 by consolidation and by reduction of transpiration surface, as does like- 

 wise this plant the Tree Groundsel. — M. C. C. 



Shot-hole Fungus on Cherry Fruit Pedicels. By F. C. Stewart 

 and H. J. Eustace {U.S.A. Exp. Stn. New York, Bull. 200, pp. 85-87, 

 1901).— The Shot-hole fungus (Cylindrosporiuni padi), so destructive to 

 the foliage of Cherries and Plums, has been discovered attacking the 

 fruit pedicels of Cherries. This discovery is of scientific interest, but it has 

 little or no practical bearing on the control of the disease.- — M. C. C. 



Shrubs, Moving small. By J. Clark (Garden, No. 1581, p. 162V— 

 Some of the most difficult plants to move in a young state are Arbutus, 

 Hollies, Magnolias, Cedars, Sequoia gigantea, Libocedrus decurrens, &c. 

 All these require to be shifted every year for the first few years, and if 

 this is done each autumn they will suffer little if at all. Other valuable 

 information is given. — E. T. C. 



Shrubs, The Pruning of Hardy Flowering. By W. Dallimore 

 (Garden, No. 1585, p. 223; 5 4 1902). — Shrubberies of a few years ago 

 required quite a different treatment from the up-to-date shrubbery or col- 

 lection of shrubs of to-day. Then shrubberies were composed of a few 

 things early ; the plants used were those which caused least trouble. Now 

 it is different. Broadly speaking, four kinds of pruning should be prac- 

 tised — shortening branches, thinning, disbudding and removal of seed 

 heads, and root pruning. The writer proceeds to discuss the best methods 

 adapted to the various groups. — E. T. C. 



Shrubs, Pruning Flowering. By Alger Petts (Gard. Mag. 

 No. 2523, p. 144; 8/3/1902).— If there is one subject more than 

 another that gardeners least understand and practise, it is the pruning 

 of hardy flowering shrubs, and yet it is of much importance in the 

 proper management of a garden. This state of affairs is set forth by 

 the writer in a way that must appeal to those who have always followed 

 the wrong practice in shrub pruning. There can be no general rule for 

 pruning, as different species require different treatment in this direction, 

 and Mr. Petts explains why such as Forsythias, Deutzias, Kerrias, 

 Chimonanthuses, and various other shrubs should be pruned immediately 

 after flowering, and not in autumn and winter, as is usually the case. It 

 is a subject that should be studied by all who have the management of 

 shrubs, and particularly in the London and other public parks, where 

 ignorance of rational pruning is most apparent. — W. G. 



