352 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



but less success was obtained against the scab and bitter rot. The author, 

 Mr. A. A. Hintley, is very confident of the ultimate success of this method 

 of spraying. 



Second Brood of Codlin Moth. 



The author of this paper, Mr. John W. Lloyd, regrets that spraying 

 is not commonly done for the second brood, which attacks the fruit in 

 July and August after the Apples have attained considerable size. No 

 matter how thorough the spraying for the first brood, some of the worms 

 are sure to escape. These develop into moths which lay eggs for the 

 second brood ; and since one moth may lay from fifty to 100 eggs it would 

 take only a few moths to make a numerous second brood. 



A second paper by the same gentleman goes more fully into the 

 subject and gives tables showing the results of experiments. He arrives 

 at two conclusions : (1) That the spray protected the Apples from attack, 

 i.e. it killed the worms before they entered ; (2) it killed many worms 

 after they had entered the Apple, and thus prevented them from going to 

 the interior. The paper is concluded with a remark that further experi- 

 ments are needed to determine what material will be best to use, and at 

 what strength it may be applied. It is claimed that arsenate of lead 

 will not injure foliage, no matter how strong a mixture is used. 



Some Spkaying Lessons deduced from the Season of 1901. 



This season having been a " record breaker " as to extreme heat and 

 drought, the author of this paper, Mr. A. V. Stubenrauch, of the Illinois 

 University, points out that several lessons have been learnt, especially in 

 the way of spraying. Mr. Stubenrauch believes that the development of 

 the art and science of spraying is undoubtedly the most important 

 advancement that has been made in modern horticultural operations. 

 It is the one thing that has made possible the present system of 

 commercial orcharding in the States. 



Since it is impossible to isolate infected orchards and trees, the spray 

 pump is the only salvation, and makes it possible to control diseases and 

 insects. The word "control " is emphasised, for it is pointed out that it 

 is impossible to eradicate any of the diseases and pests which now afflict 

 our trees and fruits. The paper goes on to say that to spray properly 

 is expensive, but it is a profitable investment. To spray improperly is 

 time and money wasted, and is therefore extravagant at any price. To 

 spray properly requires painstaking care and the closest attention to 

 every detail of the work. 



Important Details of Spraying. 



Professor Stubenrauch has made this paper perhaps the most valuable 

 of the series, covering as it does sixteen pages and including nine 

 beautifully produced plates. The paper opens with a reiteration of the 

 importance of spraying and necessity for care in every part of the process, 

 good apparatus, pure materials, and patient and intelligent attention to 

 every detail. It is admitted at once that it is an expensive operation. 

 An interesting account of fungi is given and a particular description of 

 the Apple bitter rot fungus, followed by a description of the mixtures 

 to be applied and the correct mode of application. Full details are given 



