ABSTRACTS. 



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means : (1) of increased supply ; (2) of cultivating a taste for quality ; 

 and (3) as a source of healthful and pleasurable occupation. The paper is 

 chiefly intended for those who wish to produce fruit for family use, and 

 for the pleasure afforded. The production of new forms will appeal to 

 others. It deals, therefore, chiefly with propagation, planting, pruning, 

 and general cultivation, laying stress upon the axiom that " Tillage is 

 manure." 



The combination of high and low-growing fruits on one plot is 

 recommended, as, for instance, Strawberries, Currants, and Grapes, or 

 Raspberries between Apple-trees. Grapes can be trained to shelter more 

 tender plants, or to afford shade to those requiring it. 



One or two plans are given for making the best use of small areas. 

 For instance, a back yard 25 x 80 ft. contains sixteen grape vines, several 

 dozen Strawberry plants, a row of Currants, a limited supply of 

 vegetables and annual flowers, and a few square yards of turf. Another 

 area of 60 x 80 feet contains 442 fruit-bearing plants, &c. 



A list of varieties for Northern Ohio is given, which acts also as a 

 guide to the proportionate allotment of plants in a home garden. 



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Fruits, Tropical, for English Gardens. By W. W. (Garden, 



No. 1,588, p. 268, 26/4/1902 ; No. 1,589, p. 288, 3/5/1902; No. 1,590, 

 p. 305, 10/5/1902; No. 1,591, p. 326 17/5/1902; No. 1,592, p. 339, 

 24/5/1902). — The tropical fruits that may with advantage be grown in 

 this country are treated of, full cultural notes being given, as well as a 

 generally interesting account of the fruits themselves. The fruits of the 

 Passion Flower, Vanilla, Monstera, Guava, Loquat, Japanese Medlar, 

 Pomegranate, various Lemons and Oranges are a few of the most 

 important. Many are illustrated. — E. T. C. 



Fruit Trees, the Summer Pinching 1 of. By Alger Petts (Garden, 

 No. 1,586, p. 235 ; 12/4/1902). — The reasons for the summer pinching 

 of fruit trees are here most fully and clearly explained. The article is of 

 great value to amateur fruit-growers. — E. T. C. 



Fungi, Endophytic Orchid. By G. T. Grignan (Rev. Hort. 

 pp. 361-5 ; August 1, 1902). — A very interesting resume of M. Noel 

 Bernard's observations subsequent to his paper published in the Revue 

 Generale de Botanique (July 16, 1900, p. 381). He enters somewhat 

 fully into the various saprophytic, parasitic, and symbiotic fungi peculiar 

 to Orchids, especially the last class, but finally expresses some doubts as 

 to the need on the part of the Orchids of the symbiotic or endophytic 

 fungi, seeing that the former apparently thrive equally well in the absence 

 of the latter. The benefit of artificial introduction of such fungi into 

 Orchid culture is left, therefore, an open question. — C. T. D. 



Fungi, Japanese. By P. Hennings (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. xxxi. 

 1902, pp. 728-742; vol. xxxii. 1902, pp. 34-46).— Gives a systematic 

 list of Fungi comprised in various collections made in Japan. Several 

 new species are described. 



P. Dietel (op. cit., vol. xxxii. pp. 47-55) gives a further instalment of 

 his notes on Japanese Uredinece. — A. B. B. 



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