788 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



meni ; (2) treatment with pure kerosene ; (3) treatment with crude 

 petroleum ; (4) treatment with mechanical mixtures of either of the last 

 two oils with water. In the main these are all winter treatments, and 

 are applied at any time when the trees are in a dormant, leafless condition. 



JR. N. 



Scale, The San Jose, Treatment for, in Orchards. II. Spraying 

 with kerosene and crude petroleum. By F. A. Sirrine (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. 

 Nau York, Bull. No. 213, pp. 1-51 ; April 1902).— The results of these 

 tests, considered in connection with others previously reported by this 

 and other stations, appear to indicate that spraying with kerosene or 

 crude petroleum is safe and effective under the following conditions : — 



" In using kerosene, only the best grades should be employed, as the 

 lower grades are very liable to injure the trees. 



" Mechanical mixtures ranging from 15 to 25 per cent, can be used on 

 Apple and Pear while the trees are in full leaf with but slight injury to 

 the trees ; while mixtures of even less strength are liable to cause some 

 injury to stone-fruits under the same conditions. Such dilute mixtures 

 appear to be of value only against young insects unprotected by scales. 



" A good grade of kerosene can apparently be applied to large, vigorous 

 Pear and Apple trees while they are completely dormant and cause little 

 injury ; but not to such trees after the sap begins to flow. With stone- 

 fruits, on the contrary, especially with Peach, dormant trees suffer even 

 from dilute mixtures, but even pure kerosene may be applied to such 

 trees while the buds are swelling but are still unopened. 



" Peach and Plum can be sprayed quite safely with 25 per cent, 

 mechanical mixtures of crude petroleum (43r,° to 44° Baume, 0*77 sp.gr.) 

 after buds commence to swell. If treated while dormant the trees are 

 generally injured, often killed." 



It is unsafe to treat Pear and probably Apple with crude petroleum of 

 the strength given after buds have commenced to swell ; but even 50 per 

 cent, mechanical mixtures may be used on dormant Apple and Pear trees. 

 Scale insects, even when fully exposed, were not all killed by the 15 per 

 cent, strength of crude petroleum ; though two applications of this strength 

 were effective, or one of the 25 per cent, strength. — JR. N. 



SchizoglOSSlim strictissimum. By Spencer Le M. Moore (Joum. 

 Bot. 475, pp. 254-5 ; 7/1002). — Description of a new species of Ascle- 

 piad, collected by Dr. Rand, at Bulawayo, from specimens in the National 

 Herbarium. — G. S. B. 



School Gardens. By F. M. Powell (U.S.A. BJort. Soc. Iowa, 1901, 

 p. 93 ; plates). — The writer of this article strongly advocates and explains 

 the idea of gardens attached to lower schools. Froebel is quoted as 

 follows : " Let your child plant his own garden, gather his own harvest of 

 fruit and flowers, learn through his own small experience something of 

 the influence of the sun, dew, and rain, and gain thereby a remote pre- 

 sentiment of the reciprocal energies of nature, and a reverent feeling for the 

 divine life and law expressed in nature." Mention is made of many school 

 gardens in the United States of America, and especially those established 

 by the National Cash Registers Company at Dayton, Ohio. Two good 



