SPRAYING FRUIT TREES &C. IN CANADA. 



1)85 



feet long, is terminated by a pipe passing through a bamboo rod from 

 8 to 10 feet in length, at the end of which are tsvo Vermorel nozzles. 

 The barrel is placed on a sloven or cart and chained, so as not to move ; 

 one man drives and pumps, another directs the spray. A calm day is 

 necessary, and the trees are usually sprayed from each side. A broad 



Fig. 222. — Sprayed with Copper Sulphate. 



brimmed hat and leather gloves are conveniences, and rubbing the hands 

 with mutton fat protects them against lime. 



The solution recommended for winter spraying with alkali is 6 lbs. 

 potash to 50 gallons of water ; some use a stronger solution. This alkali 

 wash cleans the bark splendidly. I have seen tree-trunks thus treated 

 shining in sunlight as if they had been varnished. 



Fig. 223.— Apples from Next Row oe Trees, but not sprayed. 



Another winter wash to destroy fungoid diseases, of which the scab 

 on apple fruit is the most serious, is made of from 2 to 4 lbs. copper 

 sulphate in 50 gallons of water. Copper sulphate is the chief fungicide 

 used. In summer, to prevent the foliage from being burnt, lime is added, 

 thus forming Bordeaux mixture, which was used in France as a fungicide 



